F128 


.47 


nAo 


.P9o 








% 




mmm,,. 






^Br; ■■'''' -^ 


SSI-- 


— 


I-:;;. 


,_jj^sw|snss|s^K^^K||L. 


|W|:: : , : 


i'HJ^S^HH^^^^^^^^H^E ' 


'''t?'i'iwl^^B 




^!!^a^H 




^^^J| 




'^^'^^^^^^^^KM 




^^HJH:: ... 


',^i^i\^ii^m;m^ 


^^^ 


.,,^^^^_ 




^^^^B 


1- 























^j * * „ - . V, 






















'0> %'^^\^^ %'^^*/ %'^^'\<? 

/.tri:./^. ..^\^^;^*.V y.:^-i:./^. .^j 










-:* -^^ %> • 











0^ ,''"- " 







-. o 



■^-^^^ 









^'•. -^o 



<^. 



a* 









" " • <v 













^♦ O 




«'- -^ov* : 



■^o' 

.^*^ 



















^o. 



-^ 0' 
4 o. 



%, 






<C)' 






'^■ 



,-^ 






k\ 



'\ 



" o 






■' » » 



^0- 



-■•♦■.v 






.:^ 






.<^ 



<^ 



!'• 



o ,\^' 
'<"<;^ 



'^ 







** Taking advantage of the Situation,'' 

The above cut represents our well-known cliromo, which has cost us over a 
thousand dollars in cash to produce, and is pronounced by all wlio have seen it 
to be one of the very best productions of Messrs. Benclve & Scott, who stand at 
the head of their profession ; no expense has been spared by them in making this 
one of the best productions of their art. We present a copy to every purchaser 
of five dollars worth and upwards, and our line of Diamonds, Fine Watches, 
Rich Jewelry, Sterling Silver Ware, Plated Ware and Fancy Goods will be 
found complete, and our prices very much lower than where the bulk of 
profit made is swallowed up in high rents. Send for our Price List. 
'' Size of Cliromo, 13x17. 

J. H. JOHNSTON, 

Cor. Broome Street. 150 BOWERY. 



w^ ®» m^mmm^. 



IMPORTER OF 



AIIIBISAM WATeHKS, 

(Key and Stem Winding), 

WHOLESALE & RETAIL. 

(For twenty years exclusively in the Jobbing Business. 
A large and general assortment at low prices for cash.) 

Ko. 527 BROADWAY, 

(St. Nicholas Block,) Cor. Spring St., NEW YORK. 



jSoLiD jSiLVER Ware, 



Silver Plated Ware, Gold and Silver Headed Canes, 



EicH imei 



41 W^ 



All Warranted of the Finest Finish and Best Quality, 

WHOLESALE & RETAIL. 

For sixteen years in the manufacture of Fine Plated Ware. 

No. 527 BBOADWAY, 

(St. Nicholas Block,) Cor. Spring St., NEW YORK. 



NEW YORK; 



ITS 



Past and Present 



COMPILED FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE 



The Traveling Public 



C. E> f K.E3SCOTT. 




NEW YORK: 

fuhlishetl liy Die IVferoantile I*\»ljliHViir>.K Co. 

No. I Pahk Pi.ack. 

1874. 



.TS3 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by 
The Mercantile Publishing Company, in the Office of 
the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



Electrotjpcd nnd Trinted by 

McDonald, Dili.ont & Co., 

."«o. 1 I'srk Place, cor. Croadway, N. Y. 



PREFACE. 



Tlie stranger who visits the city of New York for the 
first time, naturally desires to know something more about 
the "Metropolis of the New World" than have been 
atforded him by the meagre accounts that he has from 
time to time seen. There are many interesting localities, 
scattered in and around the city, and its suburbs, that 
are unknown, even to residents of many years ; the en- 
deavor in this woik has been to collect them under appro- 
priate headings, and to give such brief descriptions as may 
serve more fully to guide the stranger to their whereabouts. 
The entire edition has been placed in the suites of rooms 
of the following hotels : 

BREVOOUT, EVERETT, GRAND CENTRAL, ST. JAMES, 

CL.VREN'DON, FIFTH AVENUE, HOFFMAN, ST. NIClIOL.\S, 

COLEMAN, GILSEY, METROPOLITAN. STURTEVANT, 

EARLES, GRAND, NEW YORK, WINDSOR. 

Copies may also be procured at the office of publication, 
nsro. 1 FjA.:ri^ fx.-a.ce. 

Particular attention is called to the advertisements: 
they are those of strictly first-class establishments that 
invite the reader's patronage. 

New York, Nov. 1st, 1874. 



SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS. 



NEW YORK CITY. 

Page. 
INTRODUCTION— HISTORICAL SKETCH— HISTORICAL LOCALITIES, . . 7-45 

CENTRAL PARK. 

ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY— LOCATION AND AREA— CARRIAGE SER- 
VICE—PARK KEEPERS— GATEWAYS AND APPRO ACHES —NAMES OP 
GATES— THOROUGHFARES-RESERVOIRS— GENERAL FEATURES— LOW- 
ER PARK — HUMBOLDT MONUMENT — STATUE OF COMMERCE — THE 
POND— MUSEUM— THE DAIRY— THE KINDER-BERG— BALL GROUND— 
CAROUSAL-SEVENTH REGIMENT MEMORIAL— TEE MARBLE ARCH- 
INDIAN HUNTER- THE GREEN— THE SPA— THE MALL -MUSIC STAND— 
PERGOLA-CARRIAGE CONCOURSE-THE CASINO— MORSE STATUE- 
•'AULD LANG SYNE "—"THE TIGRESS "-TERRACE-BETHESDA FOUNT- 
AIN—THE LAKE— RAMBLE— MONUMENT TO SCHILLER— THE CAVE- 
BEL VIDERE-TUNNEL— CONSERVATORY WATER— DEER PARK- MET- 
ROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART— THE MAZE— MUSEUM OF NATURAL 
HISTORY— THE KNOLL— THE UPPER PARK -MOUNT ST. VINCENT- 
FORTIFICATIONS— BLOCK HOUSE— POOL, LOCH, AND HARLEM MEER— 
THE GREAT HILL— HOW TO GO TO THE PARK 47-91 

PARKS AND PUBLIC SQUARES. 

THE BATTERY — BOWLING GREEN — CITY HALL PARK— WASHINGTON 
SQUARE— UNION SQUARE— GRAMMERCY PARK-STUYVESANT PARK- 
TOMPKINS SQUARE— MADISON SQUARE— RESERVOIR PARK— MT. MOR- 
RIS SQUARE -RIVERSIDE PARK-MORNINGSIDE PARK, .... 93-99 

THEATRES. 

ACADEMY OF MUSIC — BOOTH'S — BRYANT'S — COLOSSEUM — NIBLO'S 

OLYMPIC— PARK— UNION SQUARE-WALLACK'S, 101 -HS 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

CITY HALL— NEW COURT HOUSE— HALL OF RECORDS-HALLS OF JUS- 
TICE—DEPARTMENT OP CHARITIES AND CORRECTION— CITY ARMOR- 
IES-CUSTOM HOUSE— UNITED STATES TREASURY AND ASSAY OFFICE 
—OLD POST OFFICE— NEW POST OFFICE- GRAND CENTRAL RAILWAY 
STATION-MARKETS 117-124 

PUBLIC WORKS. 

CROTON AQUEDUCT — HIGH BRIDGE — EAST RIVER BRIDGE — HARLEM 

BRIDGE 125-128 



CONTENTS. 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 



Page. 



BLACKWELL'S ISLAND-RANDALL'S ISLAND -BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM 
FOR THE INSANE -NEW YORK JUVENILE ASYLUM — NEW YORK 
ORPHAN ASYLUM - MAGDALENE ASYLOI - ASYLLT^I FOR AGED IN- 
DIGENT FEMALES-INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND— INSTITUTION FOR 
THE DEAF AND DUMB— HOUSE OF INDUSTRY-HOAIE FOR THE FRIEND- 
LESS-LEAKE AND WATTS ORPHAN HOUSE- SOCIETY FOR THE RE- 
LIEF OF WIDOWS AND SMALL CHILDREN-NEW YORK DISPENSARIES 
— DEMILT DISPENSARY-BELLEVL^E HOSPITAL— ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL 
SAILORS' SNUG HARBOR, 129-135 

SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION— COOPER UNION— I. O. OP 
O. F.— AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY— AMERICAN BIBLE SO- 
CIETY-NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY-NATIONAL ACADEMY OF 
DESIGN— LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— METROPOLITAN MUSEUM 
OP ART-NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION, 136-143 

LIBEARIES. 

A8T0R LIBRARY-SOCIETY LIBRARY-MERCANTILE LIBRARY— APPREN- 
TICES' LIBRARY, - . 144-146 

COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES. 

COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK- NEW Y'ORK UNIVERSITY- 
COLUMBIA COLLEGE— COLLEGE OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER-MANIIAT- 
TAN COLLEGE— UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY— COLLEGE OF PHY- 
SICIANS AND SURGEONS-NEW Y'ORK MEDICAL COLLEGE— UNIVER- 
SITY MEDICAL COLLEGE-N. Y. MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL 
FOR WOMEN, 146-149 

CHURCHES. 

TRINITY— GRACE— ST. GEORGE'S-ST. PAUL'S— ST. JOHN'S — ST. MARK'S 
TRANSFIGURATION— ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL— CHURCH OF THE 
MESSIAH— CHURCH OP ALL SOULS — DUTCH REFORMED — FOURTH 
UNIVERSALIST— ST. PAUL'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL-FIRST BAPTIST- 
BRICK CHURCH 150-158 

CEMETERY. 

GREENWOOD, 158-163 

SUBURBS. 

BROOKLYN — NAVY YARD-STATEN ISLAND — HOBOKEN — FLUSHING- 
GOVERNOR'S ISLAND — FORT HAMILTON — CONEY ISLAND - LONG 
BRANCH — ROCKAWAY — JAMAICA— TUROG'S POINT— ASTORIA— MON- 
TAUK-CROTON DAM-CREEDMOOR, . . , 163-169 

FORTIFICATIONS. 

FORT TOMKINS— FORT RICHMOND— FORT LAFAYETTE— FORT HAMILTON 

FORT COLUMBUS-CASTLE WILLIAM-FORT SCHUYLER, . . 169-170 

DIRECTORY TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 



THE 

GOMAM CO. 

SILVERSMITHS. 

[ESTABLISHED 1S31.] 

Salesrooms, No. 1 Bond Street, New York. 




T Pfl fl 1 "n O* 1^1 1 TrOTCfTYl 1 "f Tl C< ^^^^ Gorham Company constantly 

JJUaUill^ Uil V CI bllil lllb. employ a larger number of workmen 
on Solid Silver Ware than any other manufacturers in the world. 

PiTPPqI" SIllTrCk-p Every ounce of Silver made- by them^^rxi 

X UlUOL tOilVDi. bears their Stamper Trade Mark, thus :l®iiijil® 
and is absolutely guaranteed sterling purity, 925-1,000 fine. STERLiNa 

OyilTlTlfll TlPQlCTTlQ They have earned a wide reputation for the 

^^ i^llldl XyCblgjllbi select character, great beauty and excellence 

of their designs. Attention is called to a variety of an antique type just 

completed. 

T Q"PrrOC!"t" ^fnolT" ^^^^ richest and largest assortment of choice 

±jC11 gjCb b U LUUJl. articles for Wedding and Testimonial Gifts and 
general family use, to be found in the country. 

T^TirJul P'l'Fl'CJ ^ great variety, all that are necessary in common 

XjL iU.Cll vTli Lbi table use, as well as the most elaborate and complete 
wedding outfit. 

THE GORHAM COMPANY 

are also the exclusive manufacturers of the celebrated Gorham 

ELECTEO-PLATE 

Tea Sets, Dinner Services, &c., &c. 

THE BEST FJL.i^TEI> AVARE IN THE AV^ORLD. 

AT RETAIL, 

At Salesrooms of the Company, 

No. 1 Bond Street, near Broaiwaj, Net Yorl 



NEW YORK; 



ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 



Tli(- City of New York, from its geographical position, 
liaving ])ecome tlie great centre of commercial enterprise, is 
Justl}^ iegard(Hl ns tlie Metropolitan City of the New World. 
In mereantih^ importance it bears the same relation to the 
United States tliat London does to Great Britain. Its past 
liistory is replete with interest, for it has been the theatre of 
some of the most important events that pertain to our 
country's memorable career ; and although it possesses fewer 
historic sluines than are to be found in many cities of the 
Old World, yet its chronicles still live as treasured relics in 
the hearts of its people, and on the pages of its national 
records. If we take a retrosj^ective glance we shall find tliat 
a little more than two centuries ago, this island of Maiiiia- 
Ttata — its earliest recorded name — had its birth-day of civil- 
ization in a few rude huts, and a fort situated where the 
Bowling Green now stands ; and in this comparatively brief 
interval in the lifetime of a nation, it has bounded from the 
infant DorjJ or village, into a noble city of palaces, with its 
million of inhabitants. It is now the greatest workshop 
of tlie AYestern World — the busy hive of industry, witli its 
tens of thousands of artisans, mechanics and merchants, send- 
ing out, to all sections of its wide-spread domain, the magic 



OTJLBEI^T <Sz; OO., 



No. 24 Maiden Lane, 

Importers; of 



(Furnished and Unfurnished), 

In Russia Leather, Canvas and Morocco. 
TOURISTS' BAGS, LADIES' SHOPPING BAGS, 

nussia I^eatlxei' and JMEox'oceo, 

Jewel Boxes, Dressing Cases, Work Boxes, Glove and Handkerchief Boxes, Segar Cases, 

Match Boxes, Card Cases, Pocket Books, Portfolios, Writing Gases and Desks, 

Ladies' Companions, Shawl Straps, Collar Boxes, etc. 

In ROSEWOOD, AMBOINB, BLACK WALNUT, ASH, and other fancy woods. 
These Deslis are all made with our Patent Flap, expressly for our Retail Trade. 



ALL GOODS MARKED IN PLAIN FIGURES. 



Fine Electro Silver-Plated Goods, 










jjcltlmjg k IjoIiHag ||ifte 



GENERAL FAMILY USE. 



These Wares are absolutely and 
unequivocally 

GXJA.RA.TVTEEr> 

To be of the 

FINEST GRADE 

And are offered at the 
Mo.st Reasonable Rates, 

B. LANDER^ 

18 John Street, New York. 



{.Old Ware Repaired and Replated equal 
to new.) 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PKESENT. 9 

of macliinery for all departments of liandicraft, and argosies 
of magnificent vessels for garnering in tlie wealtli of foreign 
climes. 

If we glance prospectively, how shall we venture to limit 
its progressive march in opulence and greatness? In less 
than half a century hence, it will doubtless double its present 
numerical importance. As illustrations of the enormous 
increase in the value of real estate, it may be mentioned that 
a lot, on the north-west corner of Chambers street and Broad- 
way, was purchased by a gentleman who died in 1858, for 
81,000. Its present value is now estimated at no less a sum 
than $150,000. 

The site on which the new Herald Building now stands 
was purchased by James Gordon Bennett, Esq., for $400,000 
paid to Barnum for an unexpired lease of thirteen years, held 
at the time his American Museum was burned. Also, the lot 
immediately adjoining this, with a frontage of less than sixty 
feet on Broadway, was sold at auction for $310,000 ! 

A little more than two centuries since, the entire site of 
this noble city was purchased of the Indians for what was 
equivalent to the nominal sum of $24. Now the assessed 
value of its real estate exceeds $550,000,000. If such vast 
accessions of wealth have characterized the history of the past, 
who shall compute the constantly augmenting resources of 
its onward course % Half a century ago the uses of the mighty 
agents of steam and the electric current were unknown ; now 
the whole surface of our vast country is threaded over with a 
network of railroads, and our seas, lakes and rivers, are 
thickly studded with steamers ; stately vessels freighted with 
the fruits of commerce, all tending to this city as the central 
mart of trade. Half a century ago it took weeks to transmit 
news from New York to New Orleans, now our communica- 
tions are conveyed over the length and breadth of the land 
almost with the velocity of tlie liglitning's flash. AVithin a 



J. & J. SLATER, 

Jjadies', (jents and (Children's 



SHOES. 



Largest Assortment of the Best Quality in 

the City. 



1141 BROADAVAY, 



Cor. 26tn Street, 



— AND — 



8B8 Broadway, 



Bet. 13th tC 14th Sts. 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 11 

like interval tlie most rapid printing-press was slowly worked 
by hand-power. Now the winged messengers of intelligence 
are multiplied with the marvelous rapidity of 60,000 copies 
an hour. While the mechanic arts have thus revolutionized 
the social condition of the past, a corresponding change has 
marked its history in the establishment of numerous schools 
of learning, diffusing their beneficent iniiuence on the minds 
and morals of the masses. 

Then, again, as respects its costly stores and j)rivate resi- 
dences, New York seems to vie with London and Paris. All 
along Broadway and its intersecting streets, the eye is 
greeted everywhere by long lines of marble and stone build- 
ings, many of them of great architectural elegance. The 
several broad avenues and squares in the upper part of the 
city are studded with a succession of splendid mansions, in 
some instances costing from $50,000 to $200,000 each. There 
are, it is estimated, some three hundred churches, many of 
them of costly and magnificent j)roportions ; while its superb 
hotels — the boast of the metropolis — are, in some instances, 
capable of accommodating about one thousand guests. 

How mighty and far-reaching must its influences become 
in its future progress it were difficult to compute, since its 
numerical extent, numbering at present, if we include Brook- 
lyn and the adjacent places on the west, over a millon and a 
half of souls, will ere long place it in the scale of cities of 
the world, in the foremost rank. 

Society in New York iias many phases, it is cosmopolitan 
and amalgam, composed of all imaginable varieties and 
shades of character. It is a confluence of many streams, 
whose waters are ever turbid and confused in their rushing 
to this great vortex. What incongruous elements are here 
commingled : the rude and the refined, the sordid and the 
self-sacrificing, the religious and the profane, the learned 
and the illiterate, the affluent and the destitute, the thinker 



cv* 



•^ *i 



^^ 230 FIFTH AVEITUE, '^ 



Bet. 26th & 27th Sts., 



NEW YORK. 



Rich Paris [mbroidefies, Berlin Zeptiff Worsteds, 

Filet Guipure, 

AND ALL ARTICLES NEEDED FOE WOKSTED WOEK. 

Babies' Sacks, Hoods and Afghans of the finest quality ONLY. 

loiiclioir Cases, Jewelry Boxes, aii4 Russia Leather doois, 

HANDSOME BASKETS, BAMBOO WORK STANDS, SLIPPER CASES, 

TOWEL AND HAT RACKS, SCREENS, Etc., 

EMBROIDERING-, STAMPING AND DESIGNING. 




THE BEST AND FINEST FURS 
IN THE CITY. 




Shetland Seal Sacks a Specialty, 

In which we especially can oiler a gi-cat inducement. 

CHINCHILLA, SILVER FOX, ERMINE, ETC., ETC. 

Large and select line for children. 

Fur Trimmings in G-reat Variety, 
GENTS' SEAL COATS, CAPS , ROBES, ETC. 

M. MAHLER, 

Importer amd. JVIaniafactiirer, 

• 849 BROADWAY, \ '^S^e^^'Setr' \ NEW YORK. 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PEESENT. 13 

and tlie doer, the virtuous and the ignoble, the young and 
the aged, all nations, dialects, and sympathies, all habits, 
manners and customs of the civilized globe. 

City life everywhere presents protean aspects. Let us take 
a glance at some of its most striking features, notwithstand- 
ing the mixed multitudes that are incessantly thronging its 
various avenues. There are yet certain localities that exhibit 
distinct characteristics ; life in Wall street presents an epit- 
omized view of its mercantile phase. Here are its banks, 
its money exchanges, and their great place of rendezvous, 
the Exchange, beneath the dome of which many mighty 
projects have had their birth. Here have been concocted 
vast schemes of commercial enterprise, and here, too, have 
originated many noble acts of public benefaction. 

Up IN'assau street, to its junction with Chatham street, 
of mock auction notoriety, we catch a glimpse of another 
phase of city life. To denizens of !N"ew York, society is 
usually known under the generic divisions of Broadioay and 
Bowery. Each has its distinct idiosyncrasies ; the former 
being regarded as patrician, and the latter as plebeian. 
Looking at New York longitudinally, we may say that Four- 
teenth street, at present, marks the boundary of the great 
workshox^. In the precincts of Madison Square and the Fifth 
avenue, we find monuments of the wealth, taste and s2:»lendor 
of its citizens. 

The southern part of the city — its original site — exhibits 
all kinds of irregularity ; the streets are narrow, sinuous and 
uneven in their surface ; but the northern or upper portion 
is laid out at right angles. There are some twelve fin;^ 
avenues, at parallel distances apart of about 800 feet. There 
are about 300 miles of paved streets in the Metropolis, 
extending to Fifty-ninth street ; exclusive of projected streets 
not yet paved, over 100 streets more. The city has been laid 
out and surveyed to the extent of 12 miles from the Batter}'. 



313 6th Avenue, bet. 19th & 20th Sts, 

ISIaiiufaeturei" of 

HASD-MADE WORSTED GOODS 

FOR LADIES AND CHILDREN. 

Hoods, Ca^Ds, Sacks, Cloaks, Shirts, DraM^ers, 

Ijeggins, Bootees, Mitts, Scarfs, Veils, 

Shawls, Etc., Afghans from 

S5 up, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 



Our PATENT SILK CAP, delicate, soft, light 

and beautiful, recommended by 

Physicians. 



m' BRANCH STORE, 1197 BROADWAY, Between 28th and 29th STREETS. 



SPECIALTY. 



English Cassimere Trousers, 

$10 to Order. 



063 Broadtvay, N. Y, 



N. B -FINE CUSTOM CLOTHING TO ORDER. 



NEW YORK; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 15 

Perhaps tlie most dense part of the Metropolis — its very 
ieart, from whence issues the vitalizing tide of its commerce 
— is the junction of Broadway and Fulton street, and its 
vicinity. The collision of interests which all the stir and 
traffic of those crowded streets involve brings human nature 
into strong relief, and intensifies the lights and shades of 
character. 

It is in these dusty avenues to wealth, these vestibules 
where fraud contends with honor for an entrance into the 
temple, that we read the heart of man better than in books. 

The great characteristic of New York is din and excite- 
ment, everything to be done in a hurry, all is intense anxiety. 
It is especially noticeable in the great thoroughfare of Broad- 
ivay, where the noise and confusion caused by the incessant 
passing and repassing of some 20,000 vehicles a day render it 
•a Babel scene of confusion. 

New York has ever been, and justly, renowned for its 
-Catholic and liberal public benefactions and charities. Among 
her many glories this is most conspicuous. New ITork may 
be called the asylum for the oppressed and distressed of all 
nations. Abounding in beneficent institutions suited to the 
relief of the various "ills that flesh is heir to," and enriched 
with the most liberal endowments for classical and popular 
instruction, she bears the palm in all that pertains to the 
moral, intellectual and physical advancement of society. It 
is true we are a mercantile and money-making j)eople, but 
the empire city is an illustration of some of its noblest uses. 

By way of introduction to the city in detail, we recom- 
mend the visitor first- to get a bird' s-eye view of it from the 
steeple of Trinity Church. A view from this elevation — over 
280 feet in height — affords a good idea of the general extent 
and topography of the city. Tlie tower is accessible to the 
public at au}^ time of the day, excepting the hours devoted 
to divine service, morniny: and afternoon. To facilitate the 




178 Fifth Avenue 

GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS, 

Underv/ear and Hosiery 

IN ALL THE FINE GBADES. 

Ladies' and Gents' Alexandrine Kid Gloves, 

TJie Only Agency of these Goods in tJiis Country. 

FINE CUSTOM SHIRTS A SPECIALTY. 

London and Paris Novelties. 



Russian Yapor Baths, 



iM:PERiA-r 

Unequaled in Elegance, Luxury and Sanitary Value. 
MARBLE SHOWER, VAPOR & PLUNGE ROOMS. 

Private Departriients for all who prefer. 
SPECIAL LADIES' DEPARTMENT. 



These Baths are a most agreeable luxury. They promote health by cleans- 
ing the pores of all impurities and rendering the skin active and vigorous. 
They relieve colds, rheumatism, neuralgia, nervousness, sleeplessness, etc. To 
ladies they offer the best and safest cosmetic, clearing the complexion and 
leaving no taint behind. Call and inspect, whether you bathe or not. 

— ALSO — 

SULPHUR & OTHER MEDICINAL BATH DEPARTMENTS. 

ISTo. 1 ^W. 24th Street, 

(Opposite Fifth Avenue Hotel.) 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 17 

ascent of tlie church tower there are landing places. At the 
first of these yon have a fine view of the interior of this 
cathedral-like edifice ; at the next resting place is the belfry, 
with its solemn chimes. Here, too, is a balcony, allowing ns 
a first view of the city. Still higher np we gain a magnificent 
panoramic view of all we have left below ns, which amply 
repays our toilsome tour of many steps. The variegated 
scene stretches out in every direction, with new beauties — 
north and south lies Broadway, with its teeming multitudes 
and numberless vehicles ; west and east are crowded streets of 
house-tops, terminating only with the waters of the enclosing 
rivers. Looking eastward, we see Wall street immediately 
below us, with the Treasury Building on the left, and a little 
further on the right the Custom House, the Wall Street Ferry, 
and the East River, which separates New York from Brook- 
lyn, with the 'New York Bay stretching to the south-east, 
Sandy Hook, the Highlands of Neversink and the coast of 
Staten Island. To the north-east, the eastern district of 
Brooklyn, formerly known as Williamsburgh, the ISTavy 
Yard, etc., and still further to the north, the rocky channel 
called Helle-Gaat, so perilous to our Dutch forefathers ; near 
by Randall and Blackwell's Islands, with their City Asylums. 
Transferring our gaze to Broadway, we notice the Equitable 
Life Insurance Building, and Mutual Life Insurance Co.'s 
Building, wliicli stand higher than all others, and on the next 
block the Western Union Telegraph Building just completed. 
Further on we notice the Herald and Park Bank Buildings, 
corner of Ann street, on the east side of Broadway, and 
opposite to them, St. Paul's Church, then the Astor House, 
the New Post Office in the Park, and the City Hall ; the brown 
stone building on the east side being that of the Times Office, 
opposite to which the Tribune Association are now erecting 
a magnificent building which shall serve at once as an office 
for their paper, and as a lasting monument to the genius of 



KNICKERBOCKER 

Life Insurance Company, 

239 BMOADWAY, JV. Y, 



JOHN A. NICHOLS, - - President. 



Accumulated Assets, Jan. 1, 1874, 
Gross Liabilities, including reserve. 
Surplus as to Policy-Holders, 



- $8,087,211.02 
6,909,968.29 
1,177,243.73 



Ratio Of Expenses (liicliiiiui taxes) to Total Income, 13-47. 

A Return Premium (tlividend) will be apportioned to each Policy from the above eurplus, 
IN PROPORTION TO ITS CONTRIBUTION thereto, available on settlement of next annual premium. 

The "SAVINGS BANK PLAN," recently introduced by this Company, has proved a great 
success, from I he fact that policies bear on their face a definite cash surrender value, and 
are as negotiable as a Government Bond. 



GEO. F. SNIFFEN, Secretary. 
HENRY W.JOHNSON, Counsel. 



CHAS. M. HIBBARD, Actuary. 

E. W. DERBY, M. D., Consulting Phys'n. 



JOill e. IIVII 



iTf 



SKIRTS, CORSETS, FANS, BUSTLES, PARIS LINGERIE, SMALL WARES, 

119^ Sf okdwky, (E^^^t ^ide,) 




Under the Sturtevant House. 



Attention is called to my specialty, 

which for quality and superiority of FIT is unsurpassed. 
I am in constant receipt of the celebrated three-button 



GANT SV/EDE, 



of Jouyin's best make. 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 19 

Horace Greeley. Beyond the City Hall will be noticed, in a 
yet nnfinshed condition, that Court House about which so 
much lias been written and said, A monument to political 
rascality and unblushing roguery. Further north are nu- 
merous elegant stores, including Lord & Taylor's marble 
edifice, St. Nicholas Hotel, the Metropolitan, the Grand Cen- 
tral Hotel and Stewart's Marble Palace, corner of Tenth 
street, occupying one entire block, and the largest dry goods 
establishment in the world ; and still further on in the dis- 
tance, Grace Church, Union Square, etc. 

Turning to the opposite point of view : The Hudson river, 
with Jersey City, and Hoboken with its beautiful walks, 
its distant hills and valleys ; on this side are the steamers, 
ships and docks. This superb river has been often com- 
pared with the Rhine for its picturesque beauty. We can 
here get but a faint idea of it, for its bold scenery is seei: 
only after journeying some forty miles to the north; W(^ 
catch merely a glimpse of the Palisades, beginning at Wee- 
hawken and extending about twenty miles. Veering to the 
south, we see the fortified islets of the lower bay, with Staten 
Island, Richmond, etc., with their numerous picturesque^ 
cottages, villas and castellated mansions, and to the south- 
west, the Raritan bay, the Passaic river, leading to Newark 
in the distance. 



HISTOKICAL SKETCH. 

In the year 1607, the memorable year in which forty-seven 
learned men began the English version of the Bible, Henry 
Hudson sailed in search of a north-east passage to India. 
For two seasons he strove in vain to penetrate the ice barriers, 
and then turned homeward. His patrons abandoned their 
enterprise, and Hudson went over to Holland and entered the 



Mlle. EMILIE KUHN & CO., 

IMPORTERS OF 



AND ALL MATERIALS FOR NEEDLE WORK, 



FRENCH, GERMAN AND ENGLISH FANCY 

GOODS, HAND-MADE WORSTED GOODS, 

LINEN GUIPURE, &c. 

All kinds of Embroidering and Designing done to order, 

LESSONS GIVEN IN ALL KINDS OF FANCY WORK, 

cor. 22d street. NEW YORK. 

ALSO, AT No. 2 ATLANTIC BUILDING, LONG BRANCH. 



BLANK-BOOKS , STATIONERY & PRINTING. 
Francis & Loutrel, 



SlTlAlTlIlOlNlElRlS 



STEAM JOB PRINTERS, LITHOGRAPHERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
PATENT SPRING-BACK ACCOUNT BOOKS, 

45 M^aideii Lane, ISTew^ York. 

Orders solicitert for anything in our line. Large assortment of Fancv and Staple Stationery, 
Account Books, Writing Paper, Hotel Registers, Time Books, Expense Books, Diaries and Daily 
Journals. 

Copy Your Letters.— Use Francis' Manifold Writer, by which letters and copies are written 
at the same time. Keporters' Book.«, Duplicating Sheets, Carbon Paper, Ac. 

Merchants, Bankers, Factories, Public Offices, Railroad and Insurance t'ompanies, as well as 
individuals, are solicited to give us their orders. Prompt and ptrsonal attention given. Prices low. 

The entire buiUling is fiited txprtssly for the viirious branches of our business, with new and 
improved Machinery, Steam Power Presses, New Type, etc. Please call or send your orders to 

FRANCIS & LOUTREL, 

Stationers, Printers, and Bookbinders, 

Patent Comijosition for Printers' Inking Rollers. Does not harden, shrink, nor crack. 
Patent Copyal)lu Printing Ink, all colors. 



LE'rns FRANCI 
CYRUS H. LOUTREL- 



■ f 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 21 

service of tlie Dutch East India Company, whose fleets then 
agitated the waters of almost every sea. 

On the 3d of September, 1609, the intrepid navigator first 
entered the Bay of New York. Here commence the acknowl- 
edged chronicles of European civilization on these shores of 
the newly-discovered continent, over which, till then, the 
wild Indian had held undisputed sway. According to the 
Scandinavian records, it is afiirmed, the Norsemen visited our 
shores even prior to the discovery of the continent by the 
famed Genoese. 

Among those supposed early navigators was Prince Madoc; 
and Yerrazani, who, in the year 1514, is believed to have 
anchored in these waters and explored the coast of what was 
then known as part of ancient Vinland. We shall take a 
cursory glance at the leading events which have been handed 
down to us, since they will serve to illustrate the progressive 
advancement of the civilized over the savage forms of life, 
of which this memorable island has been the theatre. 

Although Hudson has not recorded in his diary his land- 
ing in the harbor of New York, we possess a tradition of the 
event by Heckewelder, the Indian historian. He describes 
the natives as greatly perplexed and terrified when they 
beheld the approach of the strange object — the ship in the 
offing. They deemed it a visit from the Manitou, coming 
in his big canoe, and began to prepare an entertainment for 
his recejjtion. "By-and-by, the. chief, in red clothes and a 
glitter of metal^ with others, came ashore in a smaller canoe, 
mutual salutations and signs of friendship were exchanged ; 
and after a while strong drink was offered, which made all 
gay and happy. In time, as their mutual acquaintance pro- 
gressed, the white skins told them they would stay with 
them if they were allowed as much land for cultivation as 
the hide of a bullock, spread before them could cover or 
encompass. The request was granted, and the pale men 



X^i'ii\tii)^. ptktioi\ei'y. Jjl'^il^ 5jook^. 



# 






Co 

V 

















'm 




VJ 8 







en 



LITHOGRAPHERS, 




No. 1 Park Place, Cor. Broadway, 

ME'^r YORK, 



Card Engraving. Wedding Orders filled with despatch. Visiting 
Cards and Invitations. A large assortment of Fine, Staple and Fancy 
Stationery always on hand. Baskerville Note Papers and Envelopes. 
Venetian Cabinets, &c., &c. GrOODALL'S PLAYING CARDS in all varieties. 



ALL THE SPECIALTIES OF THE TRADE. 



Orders for Printing of every description solicited. Prices as low as any other 

RESPONSIBLE house IN THE CiTY. 

Please call or send your orders to 

McDOxNALD, DlI.LONT & Co., 

Printers and Stationers, 
coRNEi?, OF BROAXiWAY. No. 1 Park Place, New ?ork. 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 23 

thereupon, beginning at a starting point on tlie hide, cut it 
up into one long extended narrow strip, or thong, sufficient 
to encompass a large place. Their cunning equally surprised 
and amused the confiding and simple Indians, who willingly 
allowed the success of their artifice, and backed it with a 
cordial welcome." Such was the origin of the site of New 
York, on the place called Manhattan (i.e., Manahachtanienks) 
a revelling name, importing "the place where they all got 
drunk ! " and a name then bestowed by the Indians as com- 
memorative of that first great meeting. 

Hudson afterward proceeded to explore the North River, 
since called after his name — the Hudson. The Half-Moou 
anchored at Yonkers, and the Indians came off in canoes to 
traffic with the strangers. But the river narrowed beyond 
the Highlands, and Hudson, after sailing up as far as the site 
of Albany, retraced his way to Manhattan, and at once sailed 
for Europe. His favorable reports gave rise to an expedition of 
two ships in 1614, under Captain Adrian Block and Hendrick 
Christiaanse. It was under their auspices that the first actual 
settlement was begun upon the site of the present New York, 
consisting in the first year of four houses, and in the next 
year of a redoubt on the site of the Bowling Green. To this 
small village they gave the name of New Amsterdam. The 
settlement was of a commercial and military character, having 
for its object the traffic in the fur trade. 

At the time Holland projected this scheme of commercial 
settlement, she possessed 20,000 vessels and 100,000 mariners. 
The City of Amsterdam was at the head of the enterprise. 

From its earliest period "Nieuw Amsterdam" had a 
checkered history. The English turned toward it a wistful 
eye, and took it from the Dutch in 1664, who succeeded, 
however, in recovering it in 1673. Not more than a year 
after it was ceded again to the British, and underwent a 
change of name from New Amsterdam to New York, in 



Union Square, - New York. 

t\n^ Wm\t mtpttiwunl 



A GREAT VARIETY OF ARTICLES SUITABLE FOR 



i ^^^ 



Yachting, Eacing, Sporting, Etc., 



ALL OF THEIR OWN MAKE, FROM ORIGINAL DESIGNS. 



Special Designs, with Estimates, Furnished. 



A COMPLETE ASSOKTMENT OF 

Stem Winders^ in great variety, and new Styles of Cases. 
Chronoffraj}JiSf marking Fifth Seconds. 
ChronograiyhSf with Split Seconds. 
Chronographs f with Split and Independent Seconds. 
Mejyeaters, striking Hours and Quarters. 
Jl,epeaterSf striking Hours and Minutes. 
Self- Acting HepeaterSf striking Hours and Quarters. 
Calendar Watches, showing Day of the "Week and Month, 
and Changes of the Moon. 



Particular Attention given to Cleaning and 
Repairing Fine Watches. 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 25 

honor of James, Duke of York, to wlioni it was made over 
by Charles II. From this period it began to make progress, 
although slowly, in buildings, population, and municipal 
arrangements. 

The city, prior to British rule (that is, in 1656), was laid 
out in streets, some of them crooked enough, and contained 
"one hundred and twenty houses with extensive garden lots," 
and about one thousand inhabitants. In 1677 another esti- 
mate reports that it comprised three hundred and sixt} -eight 
houses, while its assessed property amounted to ninety-five 
thousand pounds sterling. 

During the military rule of G(wernor Colve, who lield the 
city for one year under the above mentioned capture for the 
States of Holland, everything partook of a military character, 
and the laws still in preservation at Albany show the energy 
of a rigorous discipline. Then the Dutch Mayor, at the head 
of the city militia, held his daily parades before the City 
Hall (Stadt Huys), then at Coenties Slip ; and every evening: 
at sunset he received from the principal guard of the fort, 
called the Jioofd-ioagt, the keys of the city, and thereuxDOii 
proceeded, with a guard of six, to lock the city gates ; then 
to place a hui'ger-wart^ a citizen guard, as night watch, at 
assigned places. Tlie same Ma^^or also went the rounds at 
sunrise to open the gates, and to restore the keys to the 
officers of the fort. 

In 1683 the first constituti(jnal assembly, consisting of a 
council of ten, and eighteen representatives, was elected to 
aid in the administration of public affairs. In this year the 
ten original counties were organized. In 1685, on the demise 
of Charles II, the Duke of York ascended the throne, with 
the title of James II. This bigoted monarch signalized him- 
self by forbidding the establishment of a j^rinting press in the 
colony. 

Governor Dongan was far l)etter than, his sovereign, and 



M. J. PAILLARD & CO., 

No. ®80 BROABmrAir, 

NEAV YORK, 
GRAND HEADQUARTERS 

FOR 

MUSICAL BOXES. 

We are in constant receipt, by steamer, of 

FRESH IMPORTATIONS OF BOXES. 

Dealers will be able to make a Splendid Selection. 
MUSICAL BOXi:!^ CAREFULIiY REPAIRED. 

SEND POSTAGE STAMP FOR PRICE LIST. 

NO MORE BA&GAGE SMASHING. 

BIJOU TRUNK, 



WITH THE 



PATENT mom BUBBHR SHJEtOS, 

Is the only Trunk yet introduced that cannot be smashed. They are light, 
beautifully arranged, and perfectly water-proof. 

MANUFACTURED AND SOLD ONLY BY 

J". G. c^iXjL:]V[:oi^e, 

No. 26 FOURTH AVENUE, 

Beloiv Eighth Street, 'N'E,W YOR.K. 



NEW YOKK ; ITS ]>AST AND PRESENT. 27 

fit length was recalled, in consequence of his remonstrances 
against other arbitrary measures lie was instructed to carry- 
out with regard to the confederate Indian tribes and the 
Jesuits. Andros was appointed to supercede him, but his 
also was but a short reign, for the populace grew disaffected, 
and, in a civil commotion one Jacob Leisler, a Dutch mer- 
chant, was proclaimed leader, and ultimately invested with 
tlie reigns of government. 

He also summoned a convention of deputies from those 
j)ortions of the province over wliicli his influence extended. 
This convention levied taxes and adopted other measures for 
the temporary government of the colony, and thus, for the 
first time in its existence, was the colony of New York under 
a free government. The strong prejudices, however, which 
had been awakened by Leisler' s measures soon produced in 
the minds of his adversaries a rancorous bitterness which 
was, perhaps, never surpassed in tlie annals of any political 
controversy. 

This condition of things existed for nearly two j^ears. 
To the horrors of civil commotion were added the miseries 
of hostile invasion by the French in Canada. 

The earliest dawn of intellectual light — for the diffusion 
of popular intelligence had been heretofore wholly neglected 
— was the establishment of a free grammar school in 1702, 
In 1725 the first newspaper made its appearance, and four 
years later the city received the donation of a Public Library 
of 1,642 volumes from England. In 1732, a Public Classical 
Academy was founded b}^ law ; and with the advance of gen- 
€ral intelligence came a higher appreciation of popular rights. 
But New York was destined to be convulsed by a series of 
commotions ; and among them, the memorable one known as 
the Negro Plot, which resulted in a great destruction of life. 

The trade of New York increased. Her ships were already 
seen in many foreign ports ; neither Boston nor Philadelphia 



R. H. MACY &; CO., 



14th Street and ^^lAiv^ 6th Avenue 




IMiFORTERS ^ND DEALERS IN" 

EmbPiOidehies and Lace Goods, 

RIBBONS AND MILLINERY GOODS, 

Crockery and Glassware, Silver Plated Ware, 

TIN, inON AND WOODEN WAEE, 

Ladies', Genfs' and Children's PURilSHIHG GOODS, 

HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR. 

Picnic Goods, consisting of Boxed, Canned and Bottled Fruits, Pish, 

Vegetables, Pickles, «S;c. 

WJiite Goods, Sheetings, Shirtings, Linens, and Housekeeping 

generally. 

FANCY GOODS, 

Coisistitti of Bronzes, Opera Glasses, Opera Fais, Jewelry, k. 

Toilet Articles, consisting of a full assortment Cotnbs, Bi^ishes ; also, 
Soaps, Pomades, Lubin*s and Atkinson^ s Extracts, Colognes, 
c€f. 

Toys and Dolls and Doll Articles, the largest assortment in the country. 

KID CLOVES. 

The LA FORGE Kid a specialty. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 buttons. 2 buttons, 
OS cents: every pair warranted not to rip or tear. 

Goods packed and delivered to all parts of the world ; and in New York City, 
Brooklyn, Jersey City, and Hoboken free. 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 29 

surpassed lier in the extent of lier commercial operations. 
Provisions, linseed oil, furs, lumber, and iron, were the prin- 
cipal exports. From 1749 to 1750 two hundred and eighty- 
six vessels left New York, with cargoes principally of flour 
and grain. In 1755 nearly thirteen thousand hogsheads of 
flax seed were shipped abroad. 

The relations of the colonies with the mother country were 
assuming a serious asj)ect. In 1765 a congress of delegates 
met at New York, and prepared a declaration of their rights 
and grievances. The arrival of the stamped paper, so noto- 
rious in the colonial annals of America, towards the end of 
this year, marked the commencement of a series of explosions 
that were not to terminate until the city and colony of New 
York,. in common with the other colonies, were forever rent 
from the dominion of Great Britain. The non-importation 
agreements of the merchants of New York and other places, 
in 1768, were followed by stringent measures on tlie part of 
the British government. 

On the 28th of June, 1776, the British army and fleet, 
which had been driven from the city and harbor of Boston, 
entered the southern bay of New York. The troops were 
landed on Staten Island. On the 22d of August, the British 
forces crossed the narrows and encamped near Brooklyn, 
where the American army was stationed. The battle of Long 
Island ensued, in which, owing to unfortunate circumstances, 
the American army was entirely defeated. Washington, with 
consummate skill, crossed the river the succeeding night with- 
out observation ; but the previous disasters, and the subse- 
quent landing of the British troops at Kip' s Bay, rendered it 
impossible to save the city. 

For eight years New York was the head-quarters of the 
British troops, and the prison house of American captives. 
Public buildings were despoiled, and churches converted into 
hospitals and prisons. A fire in 1776 sweeping along both 



HOTEL ANNUNCIATORS. 



o 

I— ( 

< 
re 

o 

w 




r 
o 

I— t 
O 



Bell Hanging, and Bell Hangers' Materials, 

BUILDERS' HARDWARE, 

G^old, :gilYef kiiel >^idkel f^lktef^. 



MANUFACTUBERS OP 



PATEITT SLIDIITG J)OOIl SHEAVES, 
■Patent Torsion Door Spring 6utts, 

NEWMAN & CAPRON, 

OFFICE, 

1172 Broadway. 



MANUFACTORY, 

111, 159, 161 West 29th St. 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 31 

sides of Broadway, destroyed ojie-eiglitli tlie buildings of 
'New York. 

On the 25tli of November, 1783, tlie forces of Great Britain 
evacuated the city, and Washington and tlie Governor of the 
State made a public and triumphal entry. 

This important national event, forming the brightest day 
in the American calendar, is annually celebrated with appro- 
priate military pomp and j)arade. 

In ten years after the war of independence, New Yorlv had 
doubled its inhabitants. Yet the city had repeatedly suffered 
from the scourge of the j^ellow fever, from calamitous fires, 
etc. Notwithstanding all, its commercial enterprise has l^een 
rapidly and largely increasing, while its shipping has gallantly 
spread over every sea, and won the admiration of tlie world. 
The first establishment of regular lines of packets to Europe 
originated with New York, and it is also claimed for lier the 
honor of the first experiments in steam navigation. 

Improvements hitherto had been principally connected 
with foreign commerce. But an impulse was now to be given 
to inland trade by the adoption of an extensive system of 
canal navigation. Several smaller works were cast into the 
shade by the completion of the gigantic Erie Canal, in 1825. 
The union of the Atlantic with tlie lakes was announced by 
the firing of cannon along the whole line of the canal and of 
the Hudson, and was celebrated at New York by a magnificent 
aquatic procession, which to indicate more clearly the navi- 
gable communication that had been opened, deposited in the 
ocean a portion of the waters of Lake Erie. 

Municipal history is a narrative of alternate successes 
and reverses. For many 3^ears nothing had occurred to mar 
the prosperity of the cit.y. Again misfortune came. In 1832 
the Asiatic cholera appeared, and 4,360 persons fell victims 
to the disease. TJiis calamity had scarcely passed, when the 
great fire of 1835 destroyed, in one night, more than 600 



OCULIST. OPTICIAN. 

Over 30 Years, 

SPECIALIST m SPECTACLES AND EYE GLASSES ! ! 

BRAZILIAN PEBBLES, CROWN and FLINT GLASS, of the purest 
quality, mounted in Gold, Silver, Steel, and Shell. 

Philosophical 

AND 

Meteorological 
Instruments 



TELESCOPES; 

rield, 
Marine, Tourists' 



j3cra|llasse| 



ENDLESS VAEIETT. 




__ RECEIVED THE PRICC MLDALAl I HE 
mi CRYSTAL/^ I PALACE. 



BEST QUALITY.. 



The most peculiar Eye fitted with Classes. 

ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES. 

Particular attention is called to the fine stock of the choicest selection. Strangers respectfully 
invited. POPULAR PIIICES. 

EUFUS SMITH, 

663 Broadv/ay, 

Opposite Bond St. 




^Slf(¥^ 



MADE TO ORDER 




On a New System, insuring a Perfect Fit. 

Six New York Mills, . . .. . $18 00' 

Six Wamsutta, . . . . . 15 00 



Gents' Fine Furnishing Goods. 



KEW YORK ; ITS PAST AKD PRESENT. 33 

buildings, and property to the value of ^20,()()0,()()(). The 
city had not recovered from the effects of this disaster, wlien 
the commercial revulsions of 1836 and 1837 shook public and 
private credit to their centre, and involved many of the most 
wealthy houses of New York in hopeless bankruj^jtcy. 

The completion of tlie Croton Aqueduct, in 1842, re- 
moved the inconvenience of a deficiency of water, and left 
an imperishable monument to the glory of New York. 

A temporary check to the progress of the city was sus- 
tained by the great fire of 1845, which destroyed property to 
the extent of about $7,000,000 ; but shortly afterwards a new 
and vigorous impulse was again given to the commercial 
enterprise of the metropolis by the constant inliux of gold 
from the seemingly exhaustless resources of the ^l Dorado 
of the Pacific. 

HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. 

The denizens of New York are such utilitarians that they 
have sacrificed to the shrine of ]\Iammon almost every relic of 
the olden time. The feeling of veneration for the past, so 
characteristic of the cities of the Old World, is lamentably 
deficient among th(3 people of the New. Still, as there are 
some who may take an interest in knowing even the sites of 
memorable historic places of the cit}^, we will briefly refer to 
•some of them. Few, we j)resume, are not patriotic enough to 
gaze with interest as they pass through Franklin Square, on 
the site of the old town mansion of Washington, wliich stood 
nt the north-east angle of Franklin square and Pearl Street, or 
tread the sod of Fort Greene, Brooklyn, that battle-ground 
of the Martyrs of Liberty. 

Taking the Battery as a starting point, the first object of 
historic interest we encounter is tlie old Kennedy House, No. 
1 Broadway. During the war of independence it was succes- 



174 
5111 AVENUE, 

Bet.22d&23dSts., 



None genuine without the above T rade Mark 



EXTRA QUALITY. 

, 589 
#tBROADWAY„ 

■iSo (I (0 \ 

Opp. Metropolitan, 



'^ X-I{W YOf{iL 




HATTERS. 

Authorized Agents in all the principal Cities 
for our Celebrated New York Hats. 

Introducers of Fashion, 

ANQ 

MANUFACTURERS OF SILK, BEAVER, GASSIfflERE, 
FELT, STRAW AND OPERA HATS. 

IMPORTERS OF ENGLISH HATS. 



( CHRISTY & CO., ) 

Agents for -| LINCOLN, BENNETT & CO., - London. 

( H. MELTON, ) 



Sole Agents in the United States for MARTIN'S celebrated 



LONDON UMBRELLAS AND WALKING STICKS. 



Manufaetory and Wholesale Department, 132 Mercer Street. 



FEW YORK ; ITS PAST AT^D PEESEISTT. 35 

sively the residence of Lord Cornwallis, General Clinton, 
Lord Howe, and General AYasliington. This honse was 
erected in 1700 by lion. Captain Kennedy, who returned to 
England prior to the Revolution. It subsequently came into 
the possession of his youngest son, from whom it nltimately 
passed into that of the late Nathaniel Prime. Talleyrand 
passed some time under its roof. 

From this house anxious eyes watched the destruction of 
the statue of George III, in the Bowling Green ; and a few 
years afterwards other eyes saw, from its Avindows, the last 
soldiers of that king passing forever from our shores. Still 
later, others looked sadly on the funeral of Fulton, who died 
in a house which had been built in what was once the garden. 

Here Arnold concerted his treasonable project with Andre 
at the Clinton's — his head-quarters at the time. Arnold also 
occupied more frequently the third house from tlie Battery, 
in Broadway. Arnold is said to have had a sentinel at his 
door. AYhen his traitorous character had become known, he 
used to bo saluted in the streets by the ej^ithet of "the traitor- 
general." He was guarded by an escort from Sir Henry 
Clinton. General Gage's head-quarters in 1765 was the small 
low building since known as the Atlantic Garden. 

The Bowling Green was originally inclosed, in 1732, "with 
walks therein for the beauty and ornament of said street, as 
well as for the sports and delight of the inhabitants of the 
city." 

In 1G07 it was resolved, "that tlu^ lights bo hung out in 
the dark time of the moon within this city, and for the use 
of the inhabitants ; and that every 7th house do hang a 
a lantern and a candle in it." 

The site of the old Government House is now occupied by 
a range of dwelling-houses, at the south side of the inclosure 
called the Bowling Green. It was subsequently used as the 
Custom House (from 1790 to 1815), when it was taken down. 



a^-/>L 








CANE SEATS BREAK. 



EUREKAS NEVER FAIL. 



THE EUREKA CHAIR SEAT CO., 

No. no BOAVERY, 



MANUFACTURERS OP 



THE EUREKA CHAIR SEAT, 

The Cheapest, Handsomest and Most Durahle Seat in the Market. 
SALESROOM: 110 BOWERY. 

MANUFACTUaEHS OF PATENT BHACE CHAtHS, 

For Office, Sitting and Dining Room, Parlor, Nursery, &c. 

A FULL ASSORTMENT OF GARDNER'S THREE-PLY VENEER SEATS, 

AND (HAIRS WITH (OXTISUOIS SEAT AND KUh, 

IW° AT LOWEST PRICES 




--*i«-»^' , 

No. 33. Sewing Rocker. 




No. 21. Dining'. 



NEW yOKK ; ITS PAST AND PKESENT. 37 

Earlier recollections even belong to this location ; liere the 
Dutch and English forts were erected. At the corner of AVull 
and William streets, now the Bank of New York, once stood 
the statne of William Pitt. The old Stadt Huys stood at 
Coenties Slip. On the site of the present U. S. Treasury was 
situated the Town Hall, or "Congress Hall," which included 
also the Law Courts and Prison. In front of this building 
were the stocks, a pillory, and a whipping post. This edifice 
was subsequently converted into a hall of legislature. 

It was in its gallery on Wall street, in April, 1789, that 
General Washington was inaugurated the first President of 
the United States. This important public ceremony took 
place in the open gallery in front of the Senate Chamber, in 
the view of an immense concourse of citizens. There stood 
Washington invested with a suit of dark silk velvet of the 
old cut, steel-hilted small-sword by his side, hair in bag and 
full powdered, in black silk hose, and shoes with silver 
buckles, as he took the oath of ofSce to Chancellor Livingston. 
Dr. Duer thus describes the scene of the inauguration : — 

"This auspicious ceremony took place under the portico 
of Federal Hall, upon the balcony in front of the Senate 
Chamber, in the immediate presence of both Houses of Con- 
gress, and in full view of the crowds that thronged the 
adjacent streets. The oath was administered by Chancellor 
Livingston, and when the illustrious chief had kissed the 
Book, the Chancellor, with a loud voice proclaimed, ' Long 
live George Washington, I^resident of the United States.' 
Never shall I forget the thrilling effect of the thundering 
cheers which broke forth, as from one voice, peal after peal, 
from the assembled multitude. Nor was it the voices alone 
of the people that responded to the announcement ; their 
hearts beat in unison with the echoes resounding through 
the distant streets ; and many a tear stole down the rugged 
cheeks of the hardiest of the spectators, as well I noted 



POSTPONEMENTS IMPOSSIBLE. 



B?"^^^ J^^, 



•V^TILL BTJ^ST A. 



First Mortgage Premium Bond 

OF THE 

ISDUSTRIAL EXHIBITIOS CO., 

NEW YORK. 

AutJwrized by the Legislature of the State of Netv York. 

FOUR DRAWINGS ANNUALLY. 
CAPITAL PREMIUM, 





Address for Bonds and Full particulars, 

MORGENTHAU, BRUNO & Co., 

Financial Agents, 

No. 23 Park Row, 

p. O. Drawer 29. NEW YORK. 

Hon. F. A. Alberger, Pres't. 
,. . ^ . . , W. C. Moore, Tieas. 

Applications for ag-encies received. R. j Todd Sec'y 



NEW YOEK ; ITS PAST AND PKESENT. 39 

from my station in an upper window of tlie neigliboring 
house of Colonel Hamilton." 

WasMngton"' s farewell interview with liis officers took 
place at France's Tavern, corner of Pearl and Broad streets. 

New York, is noted for its pageants and processions. 
That on the occasion of the last visit of General Lafayette 
presented the most imposing spectacle of its time. 

In ancient times boats were used to convey passengers 
across Pearl street. Canal and Cliff streets derive their 
names from a like circumstance. The Old Dutch records 
show that the outskirts of the town were divided into farms, 
called ''Bouwerys;" from this fact the Bowery derived its 
name. 

The hills were sometimes precipitous, as from Beekman 
and Peck's hills, and in the neighborhood of Pearl, Beekman, 
and Ferry streets, and from the middle Dutch Church, in 
Nassau street, down to Maiden lane ; and sometimes gradu- 
ally sloping, as on either hills along the line of the water 
coursing through Maiden lane. 

When Hamilton acted as Secretaiy of the Treasury, he 
wrote the "Federalist" at a house in Wall street, between 
Broad and William streets, its site being now occupied by 
the Mechanic' s Bank. His last residence was the Grange, at 
Bloomingdale. He also lived for some time at Bayard House, 
on the banks of the North River. The location where his 
hapless duel with Burr occurred, near Weehawken, is pointed 
out to visitors ; a stone marks the spot where Hamilton fell. 

Leisler and Milbourne, the proto-martyrs of popular 
liberty in America, met with a sanguinary death. May 16th, 
1G91, on the verge of Beekman' s swamp near the spot where 
the Sun Building now stands. 

Where Catharine street now stands was the spot where the 
stamps were burnt, at tlie dead of night by citizens, in the 
year 1776. 



BLOOM'S, 

338 & 340 Bowery. 

GRAND DlSPLfl! OF PARISIAll and BERLIN NOVELTIES, 

m 

Iiaces, Velvets, Fans, Gloves, 

Passementeries, Hats, Bonnets, Hosiery, 

Ribbons, Flowers, Feathers, Sleeveless Jackets, 

Silk, Satin, Frencli Jewelry, Polonaises, 

Oversklrts, Ladies', Children's and Infants' Outfits, etc., etc. 

Their prices will suit the most economical. An early call is 
respectfully solicited. Samples and Price-Lists sent on application. 
Goods sent to all j)arts of the country, C. 0. D. 

I. BLOOM & BRO., 

Bet. Bond and areat Jones Sts., 338 & 340 BoAVery. 



RUSSIAN TURKISH BATHS, 

GIBSON'S BUILDINGS, 

Cor. Broadway and 13th St. 

These Baths are the largest and most complete in this city. They combine 
the best features of the two most noted and valuable systems of bathing — the 
Russian and Turkish. The Russian, in the application of vapor, and the manner 
of cleansing tlie skin, together with a series of douches and plunges, thus effect- 
ing relaxation and reaction, producing a powerful and invigorating effect ; the 
Turkish, in the luxurious shampooing of the whole body. 

The use of cold water does not involve such violent shocks as is generally 
supposed. There is no discomfort attending tlie process, but, on the contrary, 
tlie sensations produced are of so pleasing a nature as to render these baths the 
means of real luxury. 

HOXJIlS OF B^A-XHnsra-r 

From 7 A. M. to 9 P. M., and on SUNDAYS from 7 A. M. to 12 M. 

IDA.~5rS IFOR HLA-IDIESz 

MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS, and SATURDAYS, from 9 A. M. to 1 P. M. 

Single Bath $1 00 

Six Tickets 5 00 

Fifteen Tickets 10 00 

Quarterly Subscriptions 15 00 



NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 41 

Benjamin Franklin, wliile residing in New York nsed, as 
an observatory for experimenting on electricity, the steeple of 
the old Dutch Church, lately the Post Office, in Nassau street. 
Who will not gaze with interest at this starting point of that 
luminous train which now encircles the globe, and by which 
we communicate in letters of light with our antipodes, almost 
with the celerity of thought. 

The old City Hall, in Broadway, the site of which is now 
occupied by a row of brown stone buildings, was for a long 
time the most notable edifice of the kind in the city. Here 
Washington, with his suite, attended the brilliant assemblies 
of his days. 

A still more interesting relic of the past was the old 
Sugar-House Prison, which, till within a very few 3^ears, 
stood in Liberty street, adjacent to the Dutch Church, lately 
the Post Office. It was founded in 1689, and occupied as a 
sugar refining factory till 1777, when Lord Howe converted 
it into a place of confinement for American prisoners. 

The old Walton House, in Pearl street, was one of the 
memorabilia of New York City. This celebrated mansion was 
erected in 1754, by Walton, a wealthy English merchant. 
It continued in possession of the family during the Revolu- 
tionary war, and was the scene of great splendor and festivity. 

Washington's city mansion stood at the junction of Main 
and Pearl streets, the northern angle of Franklin Square. 
Here the General was accustomed to hold state levees. 

The old Brewery at the Five Points, recently taken down, 
is deserving of some notice. Its purlieus were those of 
wretchedness and crime ; they have been fitly described as 
"an exhibition of poverty without a parallel — a scene of 
degradation too appalling to be believed, and too shocking 
to be disclosed ; where you find crime without punishment, 
disgrace without shame, sin without compunction, and death 
without liope.'^ 



HUMAN HAIR GOODS 



No. 364 BOWERY, corner FOURTH ST., 

BR^lSrCH STORE, 

No. 345 SIXTH AVENUE, bet. 21st and 22d Sts., New York, 

UP STAIRS, OVER MILLINERY STORE. 

The only establishment where the largest stock of Human Hair Goods is positively retailed at 

wholfgale prices. 
In aH cases fuH satisfaction gnaranteed or goods returnable. 



Short Hair Switclips, oO Cents and upwards. Switches One Yard Long, $'2.00. 

FIRST QUALITY HAIE S77IT0HE3, SOLID, NOT DYED, EXCELLENT FOE WEAR, 



Three Stems, 20 in., IJ oz. 
24 " 2 " . 
28 " 3 " . 
32 " 4 " . 



.$1 50 All long Hair, 18 in., 2 oz $2 50 

2 00 " " 22 " 3 " 4 00 

3 00 " " 26 " 4 " 6 GO 

4 00 " " 32 " 5 " 9 00 

HAIR SWITCHES MADE OF THE FINEST QUALITY FRENCH HAIE, SOLID, NOT DYED. 

Three Stems, with a coverment of 18 inches long, Hair 4 oz. weight $.5 00 

22 " " 4 " " 6 GO 

26 " " 4 " " 8 00 

32 " " 4 " " 10 00 

HAIE SWITCHES made of the finest quality FEENCE Ei^IR, SOLID, NOT DYED, ALL LONG HAIR. 
18 in. long, per oz., including workmanship, $2 25 I 26 in. long, per oz., iucluding^workmanship, 9^'i 75 
22 " " " " 3 CO I 32 " " " " *5 00 

CURLS \Varranted Naturally Curly. 

LONG SINGLE DUELS WARRANTED NATURALLY CURLY. 

16 inches long 

18 " 

22 " 



24 



|1 00 

1 50 

2 00 
2 50 



26 inches lon^^ $4 00 

28 '• 5 00 

32 " 7 50 

36 " 10 00 



OUR ASSORTMENT AND QUALITY OP CURLS IS UNPRECEDENTED. 



COZKEBINGS IXEADS UP, 

3.5 aiitl 5<) cents poi* ounce. 

Frisettes, in the choicest colors, at 25c., SOc, ani $1,00 per yard. 
LADIES' OWN HAIR MADE OVER IN LATEST STYLE. 



LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S WIGS 

ON HAND, AND MADE TO ORDER BY THE BEST ARTISTS. 

>^*^ A PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED. 

The invisible WIG a specialty. 

No. 1, round the head. No. 2, from forehe.id to nape of 
neck. No. 3, from ear to ear across crown. No. 4, from ear to 
ear across forehead. 

Price, acoording to quality and workmanship, 
FROM $IO TO $IOO. 

HAIR JEWELRY IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, as 

FAMILY MEMORIALS, WATCH CHAINS, BRACELETS, BREAST PINS, 
EARRINGS, &c. 

J^^Goods sent O. O. D. by express to all parts of the country. Orders accompanied with 
Post Office Money Order, or money in registered letters, will be sent free of charge. 

A Liberal Reduction made to the WholesaleiiTrade. 





NEW YORK ; ITS PAST AND PRESENT. 43 

During the past few j^ears the attention of the benevolent has 
been attracted to this locality, and a missionary station has been 
erected there under the direction of Mr. Pease. The entire 
cost of the establishment has been estimated at over $80,000. 

The old Methodist Church in John street, nearly facing 
Dutch street, is an object of antiquarian interest. In William 
street, about midway between John and Fulton streets, stands 
a range of modern houses, about the centre of which is the 
birth-place of Washington Irving. 

Old Governor Stuyvesanfs house stood upon his 
"Bowerie Farm," a little to the south of St. Mark's Church, 
between the Second and Third avenues. A pear tree, im- 
ported from Holland in 1647 by Stuyvesant, and planted in 
his garden, yet flourishes on the corner of Thirteenth street 
and Third avenue, though but the roots and a solitary shoot 
remain, the tree having been almost entirely destroyed by 
a storm in 1863. 

He lived eighteen years after the change in the government, 
and at his death was buried in his vault within the chapel. 
Over his remains was placed a slab (which may yet be seen in 
the eastern wall of St. Mark's), with the following inscrip- 
tion: "In this vault lies buried Petrus Stuyvesant, late 
Caj)tain- General and Commander-in-Chief of Amsterdam, in 
'New Netherlands, now called New York, and the Dutch 
West India Islands. Died in August, A. D. 1682, aged 
eighty years." 

At the corner of Charlton and Varick streets stood a 
wooden building, formerly of considerable celebrity, known 
as the "Richmond Hill House." It has had many distin- 
guished occupants, having been successively the residence 
of General Washington, John Adams, and Aaron Burr. It 
has been the scene of great festivities. Baron Steuben, 
Chancellor Livingston, and numerous otlier notable men of 
their times havinor met within its walls. 



BATTERSO:^ & CO., 

AUCTION, COMMISSION, & GRAND CENTRAL 



BEOADfAY, SIXTH AYENDE, aM THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, 



IVEW YOKIi CITY. 



J. jP. BATTEBSON, Auctioneer. 

Furniture and all kinds of Goods sold at Private Dwellings, Places of Business, or Store 
Rooms. Furniture bou'^^ht, sold, and exchanged. Twenty years' experience enables Mr. Batterson 
to get best prices for all goods sold by him. Returns the same day if wanted. Advances made, 
if required. Double trucks, with covers, for the removal of goods to all parts of city or country. 
■"promptness ajkd dbspatcu," ouu motto. 

Office, §9S and 597 Sixth Avenue. 



THE ADVANTAGE OF THE 



ELASTIC 
^ T RUS S. 



Over all otli 



That it can be worn Night as well as Day. 

It will retain the Rupture easily, even where no metal sruiNu will or can possibly do it 
It will not CHAPK or annoy in the least. It is a complete support to the abdomen, removing 
entirely ihe weight or pressure of the intestines upon the Rupture. These instruments cause no 
pressure upon the spine, as nearly all metal trusses or suppouteus do. Thus all danger in 
wearing this Truss, of Spinal Disease or Paralysis, is avoided. It will effect 

Radical Cures in most cases, if worn as directed. 

llevtiiii can ha cured with as initch ense titul certainty as a broken limb, 

but it is as useless to attempt to cure Kupture with a Truss that cannot he worn nioiit as well as day, 
or one that will not retain, the Hernia completely and constantly until adhesion is perfected, 
as it would be to cure a brolien arm or leg by stripping off the splints and bandages, and moving tho 
brwken parts every few hours; but as a broken bone will begin to knit or heal in about eight or 
nine days, if held securely together that length of time, so in most, we may say nearly all, cases 
of Rupture, cures will be effected if the pressure is ret:.iued constantly and invariably the same. 

THE ELASTIC ABDOMINAL SUPPORTER, 

In all cases of Prolapsus Uteri, Prolapsus Ani or Piles, 

Will be found to be a complete Remedy, as it effectually sustains the whole weight or downward 
pressure of tlie Bowels upon the Womb, Bladder, Rectum, &c., thus curing by removing the cause 
of all Abdominal Weakness. 

ELASTIC TRUSS COMPAlSrY, 

083 Broadwaij, Kew Yovh. 

CA ZTTION. — Some unprincipled persons are endeavoring to take advantage of the prestige 
of the Elastic Truss, to palm upon the public an inferior, and in most cases a worthless, instru- 
ment under our name. No one should purchase an lilastic Truss only at our o-tice, or of re- 
putable druggists or physicians, or of our authorized agents. 



KEW York; its J'AST and JMIE8ENT. 45 

Aaron Burr once lived at the corner of Cedar and Nassau 
streets, and, after he held tlie office of Vice-President, at the 
corner of Pine and Nassau streets. 

Cobbett kept his seed store at 62 Fulton street. His farm 
was at Hempstead, Long Island. 

Grant Tliorburn's celebrated seed store, which was one of 
tlie notable objects of the city in its time, was in Liberty street^ 
between Nassau and Broadway. His store was previously 
used for a Quaker meeting-house, the first that that society 
had erected in the cit}'. 

The brick meeting-house, built in 1764, in Beekman street 
near Nassau, tlien standing on open fields, was the place 
where Whitefield preached. 

On the site of the present Metropolitan Hotel once lived 
the diplomatist Talleyrand, when ambassador to the Liuted 
States. He published a small tract on America, once much 
read ; he it was who affirmed that the greatest sight he had 
ever beheld in this country was Hamilton, with his pile of 
books under his arm, proceeding to the court-room in the old 
City Hall, in order to expound the law. 

James Rivington, from London, opened a book store in 
1761, near the foot of Wall street, from which his "Royal 
Gazetteei.'" was published in April, 1773. 

Gaine's "New York Mercury," in Hanover S(]^uare, was 
established in 1752; Holt's "New York Journal," in Dock 
(Pearl) street, near Wall, commenced in 1770 ; and Ander- 
son's "Constitutional Gazette," a very small sheet, was pub- 
lislK^d for a few months in 1775 at Beekman Slip. 

Gaine kept a book store under the sign of the Bible and 
Crown, at Hanover Square, for forty years. Among the early 
publishers and booksellers may be named Evert Duykinck, 
who lived at tlie corner of Pearl street and Old slip, and 
Isaac Collins, George A. Hopkins, Samuel Campbell, and T. 
& J. Swords. 



AMERICAN DENTISTRY. 

According to tlie official reports from the late Vienna 
Exposition, the samples of Artificial Dentistry sent from 
New York were classified with the highest grade of works 
of art. The peculiar merit of these productions consists 
in a process of enameling upon the base of the teeth, 
and also upon the plate, which forms a seamless gum 
and roof of the mouth, thus producing the most perfect 
representation of the natural organs. After perfecting 
this system the inventor. Dr. J. Allen, was desirous of 
bringing it in fair competition with all other modes 
wrought by skillful dentists, both in this country and in 
Europe. Tlie historical records of this system present 
the following exhibit, viz.: All the awards that have been 
made by the American Institute for Artificial Dentistry 
within the last seventeen years have been granted to J. 
Allen & Son, in the form of medals, bearing dates 1857, 
1863, 1867, 1872 and 1873; also, one from the World's 
Exposition at Paris, bearing date 1867, and still another 
from the great Exposition at Vienna, 1873, to J. Allen 
^ Son, of No. 314 Fifth avenue. New York. 



CENTRAL PARK. 



I T S O K I(i I X A :>f 1> E A R L Y II I S T O R Y . 

About the year 1830 the city of ^ew York started from the 
quiet and steady progress that thus far liad been its character- 
istic, and, witli a suddeness almost startling, took the place, 
which it still holds, and will continue to maintain, as the Me- 
trojiolis of the Western Hemisi:)here. 

This change came so quickly that in a short time the entire 
elements of the city underwent a complete transformation. 
Business grew rapidly, population came pouring in from all 
sides, buildings increased, and business interests began that 
demand which is still unsatisfied, upon the premises used for 
residences. The city was soon deprived of the quiet gardens 
and detatched dwellings that had afforded an opportunity for 
pure air, their places being filled b}^ solid blocks of houses 
and stores that increased thn evil then ])lainly apparent of the 
want of breathing space. 

As population increased it became a settled f:ict that, for 
the majority of the people, especially for those of limited 
means, escape from the city for a little rest or recreation was 
almost an impossibility. There was no place \^^tlnn tlie city 
limits in which it was pleasant to walk or ride; no water on 
which it was safe to row; no phiy ground for children; no spot 
for the weary to rest body or brain in the contemplation of tlie 
beauties of nature. The localities accessible by water were too 
remote, or not of good repute; and to the north of the city, 
there was only a barren waste, save for those whose means and 



World's Expositions. 



VIENNA, 1873. 



PARIS, 1867. 





HIGHEST MEDAL 



HIGHEST MEDAL 



AWARDED AWARDED 

FOR EXCELLENCY IN 



^«05) W 






1 



"^« 



EDWIN C. BURT, 



isTE'w ^x-oi^k:. 



CAUTION TO THE PUBLIC. 

Purchasers of Fine Shoes will please notice that all goods of my make 
have my name stamped on lining and sole of each shoe, and are made with 
the Patent Protecting Edge, eleven widths to each size, insuring a perfect fit. 

EDWIN C. BURT. 



A Full Line in all widths of these;Celebrated Goods,. 

Also, a choice selection of 

f^adies' ; nd 4-ents' fancy ^lippsrs and ^^^ies. 

A record of size and measure carefully preserved for customers. 

A. ALEXANDER, 

"'"■'i'srslreSr"*'' 357 Sixth Ave., New York.. 



CENTIiAL PAKK. 49 

leisure ufforded a private equipage wherewith to enjoy the 
drives on Harlem Lane, and the Blooniingdale Road. 

These facts developed in the public mind a longing for 
a place where fresh air, grass, trees, and flowers, might be 
enjoyed with little loss of time and expenditure of money. 
It was about the year 1848, that the people of New York 
began to find that sometliing must be done to sup]ily this daily 
growing want. 

During this year Mr. A. J. Downing first gave public ex- 
pression, through the colums of the Horficultnrist, to this 
universal want of a great public; park. In 1850 he made a 
voyage to England for tlie purpose of observing the progress 
there made in architecture and landscape gardening, and, find- 
ing much in the public parks to excite his admiration and 
•command attention, he again, and more thoroughly, advocated 
the idea he had already advanced of a, Park for New York. 

In 1851 Mr. A. C. Kingshmd, then Mayor of the city, 
recommended to the Common Council that there should be 
prompt and efficient action taken upon the subject. Tliis was 
the key-note from which tlie press and people took up tlie 
strain, and from that time it was a foregone conclusion that 
the people of New York must liave a public Park, adecpiate 
to their wants and worthy of the fame of the metropolis. 

After many vicissitudes of a legislative character, and much 
discussion as to the location, the legislature passed an Act on 
the twenty-first of July, 1858, authorizing the city to take 
possession of the ground now known as the Central Park. 

The first commission, consisting of the Mayor, Ft^rnando 
Wood, and the Street Commissoner, was appointed May 19th, 
1856 ; they, desiring advice and assistance in the discharge of 
their duties, invited a board of s<'ven gentlemen, of which 
AVashington Irving was President, to consult with them upon 
the measures necessary to be taken to adajit the land the city 
had acquired to the ])Ui'poses of tlie Park. 



LORD & TAYLOR 

Broadway and Twentieth Street. 



'"^^^ A 



^{jjir : _|ig!feli-Sit||>' '-"':§V_ (T ■"" t'*?^'*|i«rri"^ ' 




Artistic and Superior Dressmaking 

ECONOMY IN MATERIAL COMBINED WITH ORIGINALITY OF DESIGN. 



The immense inrrcase of jmfrortaffe in fliis department is a 
snfjicient (jaurantee of our increasinf/ jtopiilaritif. 



THE DRESSES OF 

Miss CLARA LOUISE KELLOGG, Madame ILMA DI MURSKA, 

Miss CLARA MORRIS, Miss CHARLOTTE THOMPSON, 

Mi53 FANNY DAVENPORT, Miss SARA 

JEWETT, Mrp. GILBERT, 



AND IN PACT 



All \k Leaig Arlisles in llie Dramatic and Musical World 

ARE FURNISHEJ) BY THIS HOCSE. 



All Orders are delivered at the time speeified, and 
PRICES AR! EXCIEDINGLY REASONABLE. 



OEXTKAL I'AllK. 51 

Under tliis organization a topographical survey of tlio site 
was begun, and the outline of a plan of improvements ])ro- 
posed wliich, however, was afterwards set aside. In April, 
1857, the management of the enterprise was placed by tlie 
legislature in the hands of a special commission of eleven 
citizens, under which organization the formation of the Park 
Avas begun and continued until 1870, when, under the "New 
Charte]-," it was superseded by the Department of Public 
Parks, under the Presidency of Mr. Peter B. Sweeny. In 
1871 this Board was reconstructed so as to contain a majority 
of the original commission. The first act of the Central Park 
Commission of 1857, was to advertise for new plans, and on 
the 21st of April, 1858, a selection was made from 33 that liad 
been submitted : the successful one l)eing the united work of 
Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted and ^Mr. Calvert Yaux. T]ie 
wisdom of the selection is now apparent in th(^ successi'ul ful- 
fillment of the plan selected, which has been carried out in 
all its essential features, save at the upper end of the Park, 
where its extension from 106th to 110th streets rendered an 
entire modification necessary. 

LOCATION AND AREA. 

The Park occupies the parallelogram included within 50th 
street on the south, llOtli street on tlie north. Fifth avenue on 
the east, and Eighth avenue on the west. The entire area is 
843 acres, of which 141 acres are occupied by the Croton res- 
ervoirs, over 43 acres by the waters of the Parks, and of the 
remaining space 103 a(!res are in drives, bridle roads and walivs. 

The Park is open daily to the public during the numths 
of ^la}-, June, July, August, September, and October, from 
sunrisi! until eleven o'clock P. M. ; and during the months of 
Nov(^mber, December, January, Februar} , Man;]), and A})ril, 
from sunrise until nine o'clock P. M. This rul(% of course. 



Ladies' Boots & Shoes. 



Castilian Insteps 

AND 

STEEL SHANKS, 

AT 

TILSON & CHAEDE, 

63B Sixth Avenue, 



Cornier 3 7th Street. 



HOUSEKEEPING GOODS. 



GREAT BARGAINS IN 



Table Linens, Napkins, Towels, 

Linen anil Cotton SlieetinES, Muslins M Wliite (jOofl.s, 

BLANKETS & COMFORTABLES, 

"IJ'adies', Rents' and '^yhildren's Ifnderwear, 

isTOTioisrs -A.isriD Fu^xsrc~5r o-ooids. 

HOSIER! IN m] umi 

%9 a iVI ■ Bob Li^' ^&^ M rm^ ^Vm^ 

3S3 Sixth Ave.f bet. 23d <& 24th Sts. 



CENTKAL PAIIK. 53 

cannot be, and is not, strictly eni'orced, particnlaiiy during 
tlie skating season, and again during tlie extreme liot weatlier, 
when many respectable persons remain in tli<? Park until 
midnight. 

CARRIAGE SERVICE. 

Under the supervision of tlie Commissioners, carriages are 
provided in which visitors can make a completi^ tour of the 
Park. They leave the Merchant's gate, at Eighth avenue and 
i)Otli street, and Scholars gate, Fifth avenue and 59th street, 
at short intervals during the day and early evening, making 
the trip within an hour. Twelve 2)ersons can l)e comfortably 
accommodated in each carriage, and they ar(3 not allowed to 
carry more. The fare is twenty-five cents. Carriages may 
be procured outside of the Park limits, subject to the follow- 
ing rat(^s of fiire, as per municipal ordinance : 

"'Tlifi rates of fare to be charged for the use of coaches 
shall be as follows: All around the Park, Avith the privilege 
of keeping the coach two hours, four dollars ; princi^^al 
parts of the Park, three dollars; to Casino and Lake, 
and return, two dollars; when engaged by the hour, two 
dollars -^ev hour ; when for three or more hours, each one 
dollar and fifty cents per hour." 

PARK KEEPERS. 

The Park force is constantly on duty, and easily distin- 
guished by the neat gray uniform. Acts of lawlessness are 
extremely rare within the Park, and the duties of the keepers 
are almost exclusively confined to giving information to visi- 
tors ; it being a part of their prescribed duties to give full and 
complete replies to all questions regarding the Park. The 
universal public testimony is, that for courtesy and efficiency 
the Park keepers cannot be surpassed. 



Waters' Philharmonic Organs, 




in UNIQUE FRENCH CASES, are among the best made, and 
combine purity of voicing with great volume of tone. 
Suitable for parlor, church, or nviiiic hall. 



WATERS' VESPER ORGAITS, 




in Walnut Cases of unique fkench desujn, having Lamp 
or Flower Stands, Book Closets, with lock and key, and 
Patent Double Forte Swd\ beauiifully voired and capable 
of a great variety of flne musical eftects. Are allowed by 
competent judges to be among the best and cheapest reed 
organs ever offered to the pul)lic. 



WATERS' 

CONCERTO ORGANS 

are the most beautiful in style and 
perfect in tone ever made. The 
concerto stop is the best evfr placed 
in any organ. It is produced by an 
extra set of reeds, peculiarly voiced, 
the ('fleet of which is most, charm- 
ing and soul-stirring, while its imi- 
tation of the human voice is superb 
Terms liberal. 

WATERS' 

PMliariiiODic, Yesper & 
Orcliestral OrpDs, 

in tiin(ii/.e Frmdi ram-A, nrc^ among 
the best made, and combine purity 
of voicing with great volum.- of tone 
Suitable for jmrlor, church, or mu ic 
hall. 

\VATERS' 

New Scale Pianos 

have great power and a fine singing 
tone, with all modern improve^ 
ments, and are the bextjnanos made. 
Ihese Organs and Pianos are war- 
ranted for sLv years. Pricex ex- 
tiemely low for cash, or part (-ash 
and balance in monthly or quarterly 
payments. Second-hand iiisiiu- 
ments taken in exchange. Af/entK 
iranti'd in every county in the {]. S. 
and ( anada. A liberal discount lo 
Teachers, Ministers, Churches, 
Schools, Lodges, etc. lllitstruted 
catalogues mailed. 

SONGS OF 

GRACE ANO GLOR!, 

The very best Sunday School Son^ 
Book. By W. F. !^iiki:win and S J 
Vail. 160 Pages, Spk-iulid llvmns, 
Choice Music, Tinted Paper. Mipe- 
r or Binding. Price, in Bcwid-. 35 
cents; $30 jjcr hundred. A S|mci- 
men Copy, in Paper Cover, mai ed 
for 2.5 cents. 

SIX NEW SONOa 

Tn pami)hlcr form for Siindan s. !,oi I 
Annif'-rsuiit.t, tri)m "Songxvf' (rioce 
anil aiory. ' Prie(^ ^2 p"cT 100. 
Sp' cimeii Copy ■ f llie Anniverxiry 
SOi.gs, and >i.\ sample p.-L'es of ihe 
1 ook, mailed for 3 cent Mamp. 



HORACE WATERS 



p. O. Box- 35G7. 



481 Broadway, N. Y. 



OKNTKAL PARK, 55 

ffATEWAYS AND APPltOAOlIES. 

Tlie greatest number of persons and carriages enter the 
Park by tlie Scholar's gate, at the corner of Fiftli avenue 
and 59th street. The improvements now in progress are 
rapidly making this gateway worthy of the notable avenue it 
adorns, and ere long it will be one of the most ini])osing of 
all the Park entrances. Its surroundings include an open 
plaza, on the opposite corner, which greatly heightens the 
effect, by permitting a view of the Park from some distance 
down the avenue. 

Next in im]3ortance, measured by the count of persons 
and vehicles entering it, is the Merchant's gate, at the corner 
of Eighth avenue and 59th street, the point where Broadway 
intersects Eighth avenue, and from which the grand Boule- 
vard runs in a north-westerly direction. To prevent the 
crowding and confusion that would naturally result from the 
concentration of so many leading thoroughfares, a Grand 
Circle, that contributes greatly to the general effect of this 
entrance, has been laid out directly opposite the gateway. 

After those just described, the Artist's and Artisan's gates 
on 59tli street — the former at Sixth avenue and the latter at 
Seventh avenue — are of the greatest consequence. These two 
avenues just named are being converted into Boulevards, and 
will be planted with double rows of trees, thus completing 
magnilicent drives through Park tuid Boulevard, from 59th 
street to the Harlem River. 

The improvements now being rapidly puslied forward on 
all the approaches to the Park, with sleepless energy so 
indicative of the Metropolitan spirit, are arranged with spe- 
cial reference to its attractions, and will ere long form worthy 
setting of the city' s gem. 

The names of the gateways have been a sid)ject of much 
interest, and those selected happily illustrate the fnct that 



DIRECT IMPORTATIONS AND FKOM AUCTION. 

White French China, 

AT USUAL PRICE OF STONE CHINA. 

Decorated Dinner, Tea & Toilet Sets, 

AT FORMER FRIGES OF WHITE CHINA. 

■^lass, <^;Utlery, |}latecl 'Ware, |}arian, flocks, 

BR.ONZBS, DP.A.lvTC'V QOOX>S, Scd. 

CHANDELIERS AND GAS FIXTURES AT LESS THAN COST, 

To close out my entire stock of that branch of business. 

CHINESE AND JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 



Receiving my stock direct from first hands on the other side, thereby paying 
but One Profit, I am enabled to supply my customers at 'L^O^X^ PrioeS. 



Decorations on. China, and. Grlass Cutting to order. 

RUFUS M. BRUNDIGE, 



919 Broadway, cor. 21st. 



651 6th Ave., cor. 38th. 



WATERS' CONCERTO ORGANS 

cTf. ihe inubt l>ea.utiftil in; 

style aiKi perfect in tone 
t\ er iii^de. 'J KQL: l'4>i\- 
CtiK'HO S'lOJ* iUhe tiCHt 

v\ er placed in any 

Org:a.n. M is produced by . 

ail extra setofreed.<:,'pe-\ 

culiarly YOiced,</<e 

EFFECT ofichichis 

most ( IIARITl-l 

ll\<>i and SOUJL-' 

VJ'IKKl><i,j(/ii7e 

t^ liTllXATIOIV 

of the *B II I»I A N 

VOICE is sr- 

VEltV. Terms liieraO 

WATERS'! 

PhiBharmo-] 
nic. Vesper 
and Orchestral ORGANS 

in JJNIQri': D-'l«i;i\'Cm C'ASi;S, oc, ((m.^ff 
thehest made, (7/i</<'oml>iiie 1*1 KITVo/ 
VOICINCi ifith fifreat volume cf tone*! 
Suitable for PAICLOR, tHURCID, or 
JWUSiC HAI,I>. 

Waters' New Scale Pianos 

have great power end a fine sinffing' 
tone, lit'/ /i all modern improA'enients, 
and are the. m-:ST I' nATi> OS jnAJiS-:. Xlieicc 
Organs and l='ianoK fi;<-ivarranled fur 3 
years.PRICES l:X'fl RE.1li:i.V I. OXV /or 
cash, or part casli,(f} balance in month- 
ly or quarterly payments* Second- 
hand instruments taken inexchange 
A<JEIV'i'S WAN'JTJ.D ui every County in 
ihe \J, S, and Canada. A liberal dis- 
counts Tearhers:, Ministers. rViurchrs, Schools, UAges, 
tic. ILL rSTRJ TED ( A T.A IJx; Vl S MA ILFD. 
HORACE TVA'B'ERS A: SON, 
481 Broadway, New York. I'. O. liox.3567 




Testimonials of "Waters' Pianos & Organs. 

The Waters Pi.^nos are known asamongthe 
very best. We are enabled to speak of these 
instruments with conttdence, from personal 
knowledge.— i\^. 1'. Evanr/elUt. 

We can speak of the merits of the Waters 
Pianos from personal knowledge, as bein» of the 
very best quality. — Christian IntelHgmcer. 

Waters' Concerto Parlor Organ possesses 
a beautiful and peculiarly soft tone. The con- 
lerto stop is, without d"Ubt, the best ever placed 
in any organ. It is produced by an extra set of 
reeds, peculiarly voiced, from which t he effect is 
most charming, and its imitation of the human 
voice is superb. Kor sweetness of tone and or- 
chestral effects it has no equal. — N. Y. Times. 

The Waters Concerto Parlor Organ.— We 
.ire glad to chronicle any new thing, or any im- 
piovement upon an old one, that fends to popu- 
larize music l)y rendering its study either easier 
ormoreat.ractive. Lately our attention h«sbeen 
called to a new patented stop added to t he Waters 
Keed Organ, called the concerto stop. It is so 
voiced as to ha e atone like a lull rich alto voice; 
it is especially " human" in its ton-'. It is pow- 
erful as well as sweet, and when we huard it we 
were in doubt whe'her we liked it best in solo or 
wirh full organ. We regard this as a valuable 
addition to the Reed Organ.— 7?(/?-«; New Yorker. 

An Orchestra in the Parlor.— The Orches- 
tral Organ is the name of a new Reed Organ re- 
cently announced by Horace Waters & Son. 
The instrument takes its name from its recently 
invented orchestral stop. The voicing of this is 
peculiar, producing the effect of a full, sweet 
contralto voice. Its finest effect is produced 
when the stops are drawn. Then the full chords 
are toned down, so that an orchestral effect is 
iiiven. The case is unique, and Miakes a haud- 
^ome article of furniture.— .V. Y. Sun. 



CEN"TUAL TAUK. 57 

tlio Ceiitnil Purlv is the people's i)leasure-grouiid, coimuoii to 
all, regardless of ruiik or caste. Tt seems especially Utting 
tliat Youth and Age, Peace and AVar, Art and Literature, 
Commerce, Mechanics and Husbandry should be represented 
in these titles, which will eventually be illustrated by the 
symbolic architecture of the completed gatewa3^s. 

Below is a list of the names and locations of the sev- 
eral entrances : 

Hchul(ir\s, Fifth avenue at Fifty-Ninth street. 
Artisf s, Sixth avenue at Fifty-Xinth str(?et. 
Artisaiis, Seventh avenue at Fifty-Ninth streev. 
MeTchant\s, Eighth avenue at Fifty-Ninth street. 

Woitiaii s. Eighth avt^iue at Seventy- Second street. 
Hiinief H^ Eighth avenue at Seventy-Ninth street. 
Mariner s, Eighth avenue at Eighty-Fifth street. 
All SainV s, Eighth avenue at Ninety-Sixth street. 
Boff .V, Eighth avenue at One Hundredth street. 
Siraiif/er s-, Eighth avenue at One IIundr(^d and Tenth st. 

Warrlo7"\s, Seventh avenue at One Hundred and Tenth st. 
Farmer f^. Sixth avenue at One Hundred and Tenth street. 
Pioneer s, Fifth avenue at One Hundred and Tenth street. 
OirJ" si^ Fifth avenue at One Hundred and Second street. 

Woodniaii s, Fifth avenue at Ninety-Sixth street. 
Bngineef fi^ Fifth avenue at Ninetieth street. 
Miner K^ Fiftli avenue at Seventy-Ninth street. 
Children ^^ Fiftli avenui' at Seventy-Second street. 

THOROIKaiFARES. 

The regulations of the Paik exclude all vehicles of a busi- 
ness character from the pleasure drives; and to obviat<' the 
inconvenience incident to the interruption of travel across the 
city for so great a space, four transverse roads, which are 



JAMES M. SHAW & CO., 

Uasufacturers, Importers, and Wholesale and Retail Sealers is 

DECORATED & WHITE CHINA, 

RICH CUT & PLAIN GLASS, 

Clocks, Bronzes, Statuary, Fine Cutlery, 

— AKI) — 

SUPERIOR SILVER-PLATED WARE. 



Hotel and Restaurant Goods 

Of the finest Iron-stone China, and unequalled for brilliancy of glaze 

and soundness of body. Each piece bears our stamp 

and Trade Mark. 

No. 25 Duane Street, New York. 

Parties visiting New York respectfully invited to inspect our Retail Stock of 

BRONZES AND WORKS OF ART. 



JAIVIES W. QUEEN & CO., 

MANUFACTURm& OPTICIANS, 

601 Broadway, 924 Chestnut St., 

NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA. 



Spectacles, Eye-Glasses, Opera Glasses, 

MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS & DRAWING MATERIALS, 



'! 

And Manhfactuukr of 



ALL KINDS OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS. 



CALL FOR ILLSTURATED CATALOGUES. 



TENTKAL J'AIJK. fJQ 

carried entirely across the Park by excavations below the 
level of the ground, have been constructed for the accom- 
modation of ordinary traffic. So ingeniously have these 
road- ways been located that the visitor is scarcely aware of 
their existence, and, indeed, a remarkable aptness has been 
displayed in the arrangement of all the drives, bridle i^ailis 
and walks, each being so independent of the other that th<^ 
entire Park may be traversed either on foot, hors(4iack, or in 
a carriage, without one class interfering with another. 

There are nine and one-half miles of drives, varying in 
Avidth from forty-five to sixty feet ; there are iive and one-half 
miles of bridle paths, of an average width of twenty feet, and 
twenty-eight and one-half miles of foot walks, the latter fol- 
h)\ving all the drives, but leading as well to many most lieau- 
tiful spots, which are entirely lost to th(^ visitor who only 
views tlie Pailv from a carriage 

THE CIIOTOX RE8ERY0IES. 

These Reservoirs, so prominent iu the scenery of the 
Park, and so important to the health and comfort of the city, 
were projected, and one of them completed, long before the 
occupation of the site of the Parlv for its jiresent purpose. 
The Old or Lower Reservoir is a parallelogram in form, 
1,826 feet long and 835 feet wide, covering an area of tliirty- 
five acres, and capable of containing 150, 000, ()()() gallons of 
water. It is divided into two sections, one with a depth of 
twenty, and the other of thirty feet. Its walls of solid 
masonry are twenty feet wide at the top, and gradual])^ 
increase in thickness toward the l)ase. 

The New Reservoir was constructed simultaneously with 
the Park itself, the old one being insufficient for the needs 
of the increasing population of the city. It lies directly 
north of the latter, and extends almost the entire width of 



FASHIONS. " Smith's Illustrated Pattern Bazaar." 

The ONLY Magazine ths»t IMPORTS STYLES and SELLS Patterns of them. 
Only ONE DOLLAB and TEN CENTS a YEAR, with a Splendid Premium. See BIG OFFER belOW* 




30!9 



DESCRGPTION OF THESE ENCRAV!NCS. 



1307. L;iay's Waist-LatesL Uesiprii— All Sizes— Pattern, with f'l.OTH Hionwi 
290^. Boy's Suit-Size., 3 to 6> ears -Pattern, with CI^OTU MODe" ," ceats 





^^ 2915 

'-J.515. Lady's Coat Waiat— All Sizes— Pattern, with CTjOTH MODEIi, 25 cents. 
2815. Greek Oversklrt-Baiutiful— Pattern, with CLOTH MODELy 25 rrntP. 
1*216. Lady's Oversldrt-L .tist, an 1 Mnst Stylmh— P ittera. wit i CLOTH lYlODEL, 50 cents. 
2915. Sacque Clo Iv-Siir;) ns'3s all Others— .Vll SiZ'is-Patteru, witii CLOTH >IODEL, 60 cents. 
3901. Lidy's Walk-i'i'.' C vif ')- Ta-ifet- Ul Sizes— Pattern, with CLOTH MODEL, -iSctn:?. 
We give a perfect CLOTH ,HOJ>EL with every pattern, which show^ ju-st ho a to put the garment to- 
gether, alter hel i^' e.it by thj p ittern. They are PERFECT 4iUI»ES. 
Aisy Pattern on tl»is> paijje maUed upon receipt cf marked price. 



Smith's "Instant Dr:23 Ebyator.' 

THIS CUT Bhows how 
beautifully a L O N G 
Skirt ia chancfi into a 
Strai^lit Front Walking 
Dress by the Iji-nnit 
l;i->;i(or. You can raise 
'hiie passings 
ice. and then 




vouc 



It 



.9 lh<> skirt 
Ir.iiii the Filth. 

1 IT LOOPS the 
skirt in 9 TAS- 

, I- 1^ F U L and 
I' A S HION- 
^RLE MAN- 
NER It SAVES 

more than TEN 
TIMES ITS 
(GST, bfsides 
beint' CONVE- 
NIENT, Neat, 
niifl CiRACE- 
FUL. It can be 
ctiani:<il t'rom 
0\E DRESS to 
ANOTHER in 
LESS tir.ii TWO JIINUTES. YOU 
NEED BUT ONE FOR A DOZEN 
DRESSES. Price, -15 ceuts each. 

We will give one Chromo 



LESALE 



For ,|;2 worth of Patterns 

at ilie marlved price send 

$1.50- For $3 worth send $2.25- For $4 worth send $3. 

The pcr-on who sends ,*3 f'T #4 \\"rlh of patterns, will be enti^ 

tied to the Bazaar fo'' ""e year FREE, without premiums. 

SUBSCRIBE NOW FOR 

Smath's Illustrated Pattern Bazaar, 

Only One Dollar and Ton Cents .1 Year, 

And a splendid PREMIUiVj to each Subscri- 
ber FR£E! 

tW" Any TWO of the above patterns and Smith's In- 
stant Dress Elevator «'" '>« mailed free, as Premium, 
OR ONE Dollars' w.Tth of Patterns FREE, to be selectad 
sifter voti receive your Mairazine ; OR one <'f the following 
beantihil OIL OH ROM OS— " EASTER HOLIDAY," OR 
"LITTLE SISTERS," OR " MARY AND HER PET I,AMB," 
OR llie "MATRON," OR "UNWELCOME YISITCjR." 
'I'hece ChromOS "I"'" vvidi ly Ivnown, and SELL READILY 
for from ir'.i to $0 each, being considered the finest pictures in the 
chromo art. 

extra to the person who sends us three subsciibers (§3.00 and 
nine stamps for pistaL'^ ■ n ( lironios and rollers) at one time. 

We will give two Chiomos extra lor five subscribers. We will eive three Chromos extra for 
seven subscribers. U e wi 1 give four C^''<'i""s extra for eight subscribers. Each Subscri- 
ber must ^eiid three ^-'i'mpsto pay return poplaL'e on Chromo and for ril'ers. 

MAKE MO^EY t^|oS»'^Rs1>^§T..! Jif ?.9h^?a;gef??.'.f?, ^?,\re 

Bazaar between NOW and First of FEBRU.\R\^ The person \\h<> <jots up the LARGEST 
CLUB will get $ I 75 OO in gold coin, AND a PREMIUM on EVERY SUBSCRU.ER SENT' 
IN Next largest, $ 1 2500 i" S<''d co n, etc.. etc. We gave $ | .OOO in S"''' "" 'asl BAZAAR,. 
to 30 persons, whose names and addresses will be found in this BAZAAR, with the nnmber that 
each one sent. Get a copy and see. Sample roi)y mailed for 25 c nts. " Smiths' Instruction Book," 
or "Secrets of Dress- making, IScents. Catalogue made, I for oneStainp. 

Address, very plain, A. BURDETTE SMITH, 

P.O.BOX 5055. 9 14 Broadway, New York City. 



CENTRAL PARK. 61 

tlio Park, liaving an irregular form and an area of one liun- 
dred and six acres, with a maximum capacity of 1,000,000,000 
of gallons. The summits of the walls of both reservoirs 
afford pleasant promenades and extensive views, while the 
skill of architects and landscape gardeners has rendered the 
presence of these structures a source of satisfaction rather 
than r(\o:i'ot. 

GENERAL FEATlTPtES. 

Tli(i Park is so naturally divided into two parts, l^y the 
New or Upper Reservoir, that hy common consent they are 
designated the Upi^er and Lower Park ; this division we 
accept, and arrange tlie description accordingly. 

It is our purpose to mention only tlie several i)oints of 
interest as they are encountered in passing from tlic; scuithern 
to the northern end of the Park, and not to follow an}^ special 
route. 

THE LOWER PARK. 

This section of the Park is that lying below the ISTew 
Reservoir, and is the portion upon which the larger amount 
of labor in the adornment and improvement of the grounds 
lias been expended. The chief features are the Mall, the 
Terrace, the Lake and the Ramble, all of which, with the 
other leading points of interest, are noticed in the following 
pages. 

THE HUMBOLDT MONUMENT. 

The first object that attracts attention on entering the 
Park from Fifth avenue and Fifty-ninth street, is a bust in 
bronze of Alexander Von Humboldt, surmounting a granite 
pedestal. It is the work of Professor Blaiser, of Berlin, and 
was presented by the German citizens of New York. Tlie 
unveiling of this monument, on the 14th of September, 18G9^ 



THE 



"MOST POPULAR STORE" 



All Goods Marked 

In Plain 
Figures. 







LACES, RIBBONS, MILLINERY GOODS, 

TiR,invr]vi:iisrc3!-s, 

EUROPEAN TAHCir GOODS, Etc., Ete. 
#MPOKTED tftoiLET S^KTICLES AND faKrUMEKXES, 

Eis^lisli and German Small Wares, 

A.T tvh[oijES.a.i:.e prices, 

759 BI?,O^^ID"W.A."Z", 

One Block below A. T. Stewart's. 

BLACK DRESS SILKS. 



An extensive Stock of Bonnet's, r«Mison's, IJellon's, Tapissier's, 
dJiiinet's. Also, otlier lleliable Silks 

]VEA.asrXJFu^CTXJE.EI3 -A.T L"5^"01SrS E^CPRESSL-V FOR TJS. 
FJtOM $1 TO $6 JflDIi YA.RD. 



OUR IMPORTATION, THE "ADDIE" KID GLOVE. 

In 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 Buttons, from 98 Cents per Pair upward. 
3E3-X7-I3 3Fl75r I'-A-XH. ■\7^-ia^ It II .-a. 3\r "J;? IE! 30 . 



CENTRAL rAKK. C3 

tlie centennial anniversary of A^on Humboldt's birth, was 
an occasion of great public interest. 

THE STATUE OF COMMERCE 

Is appropriately i^lacecl near the Merchant's gate, at the 
Eighth avenue and Fift^^-ninth street entrance. It is the gift 
of Mr. Stephen B. Guion, a native of New York, long resi- 
dent in Liverpool, and is from the hand of Fosquet, a French 
artist of reputation and ability. 

THE POND. . . 

In the extreme south-eastern angle of the Park, on the 
left of the entrance by the Scholar's gate, the Pond forms a 
pretty and attractive feature in the scenery. It has an ex- 
tent of about five acres, and is partially artificial, being formed 
to a great degree by the natural drainage of the ground. Tu 
the winter season it is the resort of many skaters, as its 
proximity to the principal entrance makes it more convenient 
of access than the larger Lake by the Terrace. 

THE MUSEUM. 

A short distance north-east of the Pond, and near the 
Fifth avenue boundary, is the old Arsenal, now known as 
"The Museum.'" It was formel}^ owned by the State, but 
was purchased by the cit}^ in 1856, for the sum of $275,000. 
The first floor is mainly devoted to the offices of administra- 
tion of the Park ; the centre portion, however, is open to visi- 
tors, and together with the second jiiid third floors is devoted 
to a collection of prepared specimens of animals, birds, fish, 
reptiles and shells, that forms ilit^ beginning of the American 
Museum of Natural History, for wliicli a building is now in 



PIKE. 

p tIi gIiIaIm 



f 



518 :B:EiojL.iD's/7'j^ir, 



(Opposite St. Nicholas Hotel.) 




Silver, Shell or Steel Frames. 



WITH BEST BRAZILIAN PEBBLES, 



$S.OO a 


Pair, 




OPERA GLASSES. 




(ACIII10>rATIC\) 


GOOD KIND. 

11 Lines, - - - $4 00 
13 " - . - 5 00 
15 " - - - 6 00 
17 " - - - 7 00 
19 " - - - 8 00 


SUPERIOR Ki 

13 Lines,. 
15 "•• - - - 
17 •- - - 
19 " ... 
2L '■ - - 


MD. 

- $8 00 

9 00 

- 10 00 
11 00 

' 12 00 



CENTRAL PAKK. 65 

course of erection on Manhattan Square. The Meteorological 
Observatory finds accommodation in a large upper room, 
where a number of curious instruments, well worthy a special 
visit, record the doings of wind and weather. It is the inten- 
tion of the Commissioners to add an Astronomical Observa- 
tory, when the necessary buildings shall have been provided. 
In and around the Museum are kept the already large 
number of animals that form the nucleus of the collection for 
the Zoological Gardens proposed to be hereafter established. 
Nearly all these animals have been donated to the Park, and 
form not the least of its many attractions. 

THE DAIRY 

Is a picturesque gothic structure, situated directly north of 
the Pond and contiguous to the south transverse road, which 
is so connected that all supplies may be received independ- 
ently of the Park thoroughfares. Here pure milk and similar 
refreshments, more especially suited to the appetites of chil- 
dren, are supplied at a moderate cost. 

A short distance south-west from the Diary is 

THE KINDER-BEEG, 

Especially intended for the use of small children. It has a 
number of swings and a house with constant attendants for 
their accommodation. In the centre, upon an elevated plateau, 
is a spacious vinery, beneath which are walks, rustic seats 
and tables. Here the little ones may enjoy themselves and 
not be interrupted by the rougher sports of 

THE BALL GROUND, 
Which is still further to the west and occupies a space of ten 



C. F. A. HINRICHS, 



Importer of and Dealer in 



FRENCH, ENGLISH AND GERMAN TOYS, 



FAl'CY 



Ui 



OD 



^ 



GlassTvare and China. 



SOLE A.&ENT FOR. 



I A, KLEEWlAi'S PATENT ST. GERMAIN LAMPS, 



AGENT FOR THE 



GLASS FACTOPJES of the COMP. ANONYME of NAMUH, BELGIUM.. 



Nos. 29, 31 & 33 Pari Place, No. 28 Route 4e Paris, 

""•s^e'rup^'sS^M NEW YORK. LIMOGES, FRANCE. 



J^ L.A.I^C3-E lDXST^lL,J^^5r OF 



HOLIDAY PRESENTS, 



During the Month of December. 



CENTHAL PA UK. 07 

acres, also south of transverse road No. 1. Ilei-e is a coiii- 
iiiodious house erected for the accommodation of tlu^ phiyers, 
wiio are allowed the use of the ground on Mondti}-, Thurs- 
day and Saturday afternoons. 

THE CARE0U8EL. 

By the path leading from the first to the second of the 
above j^laygrounds, is the Carrousel, a circular building con- 
taining a great number of hobby horses which move around 
a large circle by means of machineiy. Here boys and girls 
may enjoy a mimic horseback ride for a small fee, 

SEVENTH EECtIMENT MEMORIAL. 

On the west drive, near the Sixty-ninth street line, facing 
the east, stands the latest addition to the Park ; a bronze 
statue representing a private of the "Seventh" at parade rest, 
of the heroic size,- designed by Ward. This stattie was erected 
by the members of the regiment as a memorial to the 45 
members who sacriiiced their lives during the war of the 
Rebellion. 

THE MARBLE ARCH, 

Is located immediately west of the southern end of the Mall, 
and is one of the most elegant and costly structures within 
the Park, being the only one in whicii niar])le is exchisively 
used. It carries the carriage-drive ov^er the f(K)t-path, wliicli 
enters it at one end on a level, while at the other a double 
stairway, leading to tlu; right and left, leads \\\) to tlie Mall. 
A marble bench on both sides affords a w(4coiu<i rest to the 
weary pedestrian on a hot summei- day, and in a niclir op- 
])osit(3 the upper end of the arch, be^^ond the stairway', is a 
drinkina" fountain. 



ESTABROOKE, 



.A.IR,TISTia 



5^ 



31 UNION SQUARE, 

N EW YORK. 
Corner IGth Street. Over the Bcuik, 

nsronsr-DREATEi^sEiD 



The Non-Reversed Ferrotype is the finest positive 
sun picture in the world. 

Positions are not laterally transposed. 



CENTRAL PAKK. 69 

THE INDIAN HUNTER. 

By tlie main drive, just west of the Marble Arcli, is a 
spirited grouj) in bronze, by Ward, representing an Indian 
Hunter watcliing liis game, and holding his eager dog in 
check ; farther to the north, at the right of the same drive, 
half hidden in the shrubbery, is another group in bronze, 
"Eagles destroying a Goat." 

THE GREEN. 

Following the drive that crosses the Marble Arch, as it 
leads to the west and changes directions northward, a broad 
lawn of sixteen acres, designated as "The Green," is revealed. 
In the proper season a large flock of South Down sheep jjas- 
tur(^ here, attended by a shepherd, and supply a simple fea- 
ture of rural life, contrasting pleasantly with those other por- 
tions of the Park where art has done so much to beautify 
and please. 

THE SPA 

Is on the north side of the Green, and west of the Mall. The 
building is highly decorated in arabesque. Artificial mineral 
waters are here disj)ensed to visitors. 

THE MALL. 

The prominent feature of the Lower Park is the Mall, a 
straight walk which starts from a point just east of the Mar- 
ble Arch, and extends in a northerly direction for a distance 
of 1212 feet, or nearly a quarter of a mile. The entire width 
is 208 feet ; and tlirougliout its entire length there is, on each 
side, a double row of American elms. Comfortable seats are 
distributed at convenient intervals, and drinking foimtains at 



GEORGE H. JOHNSON, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST, 

m BROADWAY, Between 9tli & lOtl Streets, 111 



OPPOSITE STEWART'S. 



FINE PORTRAITS IN 

Oil, Crayon, Water Color, 

INDIA INK AND PASTIL, 

From Life, or copied, and enlarged to life size, in the Finest 
Style of the Art. 



With twenty-Hight years practical experience on tlie Pacific Coast and in 
New York, I am prepared to offer my patrons portraits which in tone, color, 
shading and finish embody the highest excellence of which the art is capable; 
and at prices less than half those charged by any other first-class artist in 
the city. 

Goiiiarlsoa wlt'i ttie liest Worl is particilarly sslicitsfl, 

and your attention is especiall}' invited to our unequaled specimens of the new 
Glace and Glace Noir finish, the latter elegant style MADE OXLY AT OUR 
ESTABLISHMENT. 



Cartes de Visite, $4 Per Doz. 

LARG-ER SIZES AT PROPORTIONATE PRICES. 



CE^'^TRAL I'AUK. 71 

both ends afford refreshment for the thirsty. A statue of 
Shakspere, the gift of a number of citizens of Xew York, 
through tlie Shakspere Dramatic Association, stands at the 
southeast corner of the walk, and close by a fine bronze statue of 
Sir Walter Scott, " erected by his countrymen in Xew York.'' 
At the proper season a number of miniature carriages, drawn 
by goats and attended by coachuuMi in livery, are run upon 
the Mall for the amusement of children, who may enjo}' a ride 
in mimic state up and down the length of the walk, at a mod- 
erate charge. The Mall terminates at the northern end in a 
spacious square or plaza, which is ornamented with two very 
pretty fountains, and gilded bird-cages mounted on pedestals. 
In the summer, when the sun is oppressive, a portion of 
this space is covered with an awning and provided with seats 
where visitors may rest. In close x^roximit}^ to this plaza, 
and west of the north end of the promenade, is 

THE MUSIC STAXD, 

An elaborate structure, decorated with gilding and bright 
colors, from which, on Saturday afternoons in the summer 
and autumn, an excellent band discourses beautiful music. 

THE PERCtOLA 

Is a delightful bower of rustic work, over whicli are trained 
wisterias, honeysuckle and rose vines. It is situated just 
east of the upper part of the Mall, convenient to the Music 
Pavilion and Casino, at a j)oint commanding an excellent 
view of the Terrace, Lake, and Hamble. 

THE CARRIAGE CONCOURSE, 
Is an open square adjoining the Pergola, affording visitors 



rRAT iYJ^rsfA .T[ON ll 




ciT^sr 



COMMISSIONAIRE 
COMPANY. 



General Office, 

GERMAN SAVINGS BANE 
BUILDING, 

Cor.llSi&41hk 



^ N,Y 



TO THE TRAVELING PUBLIC. 

Whenever you need help call a "Commissionaire." He is at all times 
prepared to do the will of the public m any capacity called for. He will do all 
errand work for you quick, cheap and faithfully. He will collect your bills, 
checks, etc. He will find you a comfortable and desirable boarding place. He 
will secure you seats for the opera, theatre and other amusements. He will 
bring your valise to and from the depots or steamboat landings. The professional 
Commissionaire will attend to sick persons, paying faithful attention both night 
and day. The Commissionaires will distribute your hand-bills, circulars, and 
advertise your business. The Commissionaire will attend your lady when 
making calls, shopping, etc., acting as "Lackey," and attired in a becoming 
livery. The Commissionaire will attend your children. The Ccmimissionaire 
will carry your bundles, bags and baskets. The Commissionaire will carry your 
baggage, check it, procure }nur tickets for railroads and steamboats. Inter- 
preters for German, French, Spanisli, Italian, or any other language, furnished 
by the Commissionaire Office. Confidential men for your private affairs, get 
Commissionaires. If you want a man to annoy your bad debtor by repeated 
calls (three times a day), get a Commissionaire. Get a Commissionaire to wait 
for your friends at the depot. For a guide through the city, get a Com- 
missionaire. And whatever you want (money excepted), get a 

COMMISSIONAIRE, 

who is ever lo be found by day or by night in the thoroughfares of the city, 
easily distinguished by his gray uniform with red trimmings. Whenever 
employing a Commissionaire on the street, invariably demand a cliecl^, else the 
company will not hold themselves responsible. Ask him, also, for the printed 
tariff of prices, as we have but one, and no over-charge is allowed. 



CENTKAL PAKK. 73 

ill (carriages access to the Casino, and is a convenient })lace 
to pause and enjoy tlie music of tlie band without alighting. 

THE CASINO 

Is a neat and tasteful cottage structure, designed for a refresh- 
ment house, where a well-ordered resturant is maintained, 
and although a private business, like the Refectory at Mount 
St. Vincent, is still under the supervision and control of the 
Park Commissioners. It is pleasantly located just at th(^ 
edg(3 of tlie Carriage Concourse, and overlooking all the 
attractions of the Terrace and vicinity. 

THE MORSE STATUE. 

Easterly from the Casino, at a point near the Inventor' s 
gate, is placed the bronze statue of Prof. S. F. B. Morse, the 
inventor of the electric telegraph. The figure, which is of the 
lierolc size, was moulded by Byron M. Pickett, and cast at 
the National Fine Art Foundiy, by Maurice J. Power. It 
was procured by small subscriptions froiy. the telegraphers of 
the United States. Tlie granite pedestal which supports it 
was provided by personal friends of Prof. Morse. 

The statue was unveiled June 10, 1871, with imx)ressiv(} 
ceremonies, in tlie presence of an immense audience, includ- 
ing the Professor himself. The fact that this work of art 
was a graceful tribute from the grateful people to living 
genius, surrounds it now with unusual and special interest. 

«AULD LANG SYNE." 

By the foot-path in the grounds east of the Casino, 
near the main drive, is a group in brown stone, by Robert 
Thompson, illustrating Burns' poem of " Auld Lang Syne." 



Field, Opera and Marine Glasses, 




Iiivaliialtle to Travelers, OlKcers, Theatre-goers, &c., 

Compact, portable, and efficient, combining extraordinary defining power and 
wide field of observation. 




EYE-GLASSES AND SPECTACLES 

OW A. NKAV COISrSTRXJCXION, 

Adapted to all defects of vision, improving and strengthening the sight 
without causing any apparent change, fatigue or weakness, adjusted by, 

Oculists-Optician. 687 BROADWAY, IT. Y. 



]N[ew toilette f^fepkfktioii. 

TO THE LADIES OF NEW YORK CITY : 

I wish to introduce to your favorable notice a choice article for the toilet. 
It was presented some time since to the elite of France, my native country, by 
Pelmarie, the most gifted chemist of Paris. 

With a true confidence, which can only be felt in favor of deserving articles, 
I would thus respectfully invite your attention to it. It is known in Paris as 
Destruefeur de Bides, or " Wrinkle Banisher." Its purport is to remove the too 
premature effects of time, as often witnessed upon the face, around the mouth 
and eyes, of many ladies. Its vise is sure to give strength to the skin and to tbe 
muscles of the face when in a state of suspended elasticity. It will be found 
on trial a most valuable beautifier. 

As my knowledge of the English language is limited, I have appointed 

MADAME GOURNfi Sole Agent for the State of Xew York, who will be 

happy to receive an earl}'^ visit from any and all ladies who may favor her with 

a call 

With respect, MADAME A. MARG-ETTE. 



Office Hours, 10 to 4. 10 t West 22d St., cor. Sixth Ave. 



ALSO, TOILET POWDEHS OF SUPEHIOH QUALITY. 



CENTRAL PAKK. 7o 

Altliongli onl}^ a few feet from tlie drive, it is not visible 
unless approached by the foot-path. 

THE BRONZE STATUE OP THE TIGRESS, 

May be found a short distance west of the Terrace, to the 
right of the drive. It represents a tigress, in act of bringing 
food to her cubs, and was presented to the Park by twelve 
gentlemen, residents of New York, and is the production 
of the celebrated Auguste Caine. 

THE TERRACE. 

Dividing the plaza at the upper end of the Mall from the 
carriage drive that intervenes between it and the Terrace is 
a magnillcent screen work of Albert freestone, with two open- 
ings through which persons can enter the Mall from their 
carriages, or from it cross the drive to a stairway that leads 
to the Terrace below. These stairs are worthy of the closest 
examination, for it will be seen on descending, that no t'\\^o of 
the many panels at the sides are alike, and it is their beauty 
and ingenuity, rather than mere varietj^, that make them the 
o})jects of admiration. The decoration is based upon forms 
of vegetation symbolic of the Four Seasons, and surpasses 
the decorative sculpture on any public building in America. 

Pursuant to the theory that every visitor, whether walk- 
ing, riding, or driving, may visit the entire Park in his own 
way without interference, and to provide another means of 
access from the Mall to the Terrace, so that pedestrians may 
not embarrass drivers nor expose themselves to danger by 
crossing the crowded roadway at this point, a stairway has 
been constructed from the plaza at tln^ end of the Mall, to the 
level of the lower Terrace, terminating in an arcade that 
passes under the drive. The floor and ceiling are finished in 



CEXTKAL PARK, 77 

elaborate patterns of encaustic tile, and the stone-work is 
everywhere beautifully carved. The plan for the hall or 
arcade, for the stairways leading to it, as well as for the stair- 
way from the drive to the Terrace, embraces many artistic 
embellishments not yet carried out. 

Having passed over one or the other of the stairways lead- 
ing from the upper level, the visitor reaches the lower Terrace, 
a Inroad esplanade which stretches north to the margin of the 
Lake. It is enclosed with a low wall of carved stone wliicli 
is pierced with three openings, one on either side from which 
foot-paths lead northward, and one on the water-front whence 
visitors may take the boats for a row on the lake. At either 
corner on the water front is a tall mast, from one of wliich 
floats a standard witli the arms of the State, while the other 
bears a similar emblem with the arms of the City. 

THE BETHESDA FUUNTAIX. 

The idea of this fountain was suggested by the well-known 
passage from the Gospel according to St. John, v : ii, iii, iv. 
The model for the artistic part of it, comprising the figure of 
tlie angel, 8 feet in height ; the upper bronze basin, 10 feet in 
diameter, and the group of four figures below, each 4 feet in 
height, emblematic of the blessings of Temperance, Pui'ity, 
Health, and Peace, were designed and executed in Rome, by 
Miss Emma Stebbins of New York, during the winters of 1S64, 
1SG6 and '67. The models were then sent to Munich and cast 
in bronze, under the able and careful direction of Herr Fer- 
dinand Von Miiller, director of the Royal Bronze Foundry in 
that city. 

THE LAKE. 

From the Terrace the attention is turned naturally toward 
the Lake. This sheet of water stretches away from the front 



LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S 



H^j^^D-JVl^DE 



SHOES. 



BIXBY & CO., 



8 Astor Place. 



m^ jr« ^^niEia^ir^ 



Importer and Manufacturer of 



ciitH jrcitcli 1 0ots, Skf fi,mitqs, 



ETC., ETO. 



No. 816 BUOADWAY, 

Bet, llth & 12tli Sts,, 
NEW YORK. 



191 EUE ST. HONOEE, 

Opposite St. Roch, 
PARIS. 



A FINE ASSORTMENT OF I3IF01iTED BOOTS cC SHOES 
ALWAYS ON HAND. 



< E.N'TIJAL IWllK. 79 

of the lower Terract:' to the west mid north, in an eccentric 
outline of l)ays and headlands, wliich, witli the little islands 
that dot the surface, the dense woods of the eastm-n and 
northern shore, the elaborate Terrace on the southern side, 
the l)oats, swans and ducks floating upon the surface, com- 
bine to 2U'oduce a most picturesque eff<^ct. It is divided into 
two ])a,rts by the Bow Bridge (so-called from its foi'in), an 
iron structure which connects the foot-path on the southerly 
sidt^ with the Ramble on the opposite shore. North from tliis 
bridge is the Balcony Bridge, which crosses a small arm of the 
Lake at a point near Eighth avenue and Seventy-seventh 
street. The swans are not the least interesting feature of the 
La]v(\ Twelve of them were originally the gift of the city of 
Hamburg, in May, 1800. Nine of these dying, ten more were 
])res(?nted from the sauK^ source, in November, of same year, 
to which were added in October, 18(30, twenty-four from the 
Vintners company, and twenty-six from tlie Dyers company, 
of London. Of the original seventy-two t\venty-eight died, and 
the remainder with their progeny remain to do the elegant 
upon tlie Lake. The swans, and also the white ducks tliat 
bear them company, are very tame, and come readily at call. 
Tilt- popularity of the boats upon tlu- Lake is evident from 
the fact that during the past year no less than 124,000 persons 
availed themselves of the opportunity for this amusement. 
There are two classes of boats, the omnibus, which have flxed 
rates of fare for the round trip, and the call boats that go at 
the pleasure of the i)assengers. The boats may be taken at 
tlu^ lower Terrace, and may be left at any one of the six pretty 
boat-houses that adorn the shores of the Lake. 

It is, however, in the winter season that the Lake and 
other waters of the Park furnish attraction to the greatest 
number. The care exercised that tlu^ ice may be kept in the 
proper order for skating purposes is fully appreciated by the 
many thousands that throng to the Park when the "ball is 



? CuttM^ 




BH BROWNE'S Patent METALLIC and RUB- 
^^BBER Weather Strips for Windows and 
■■1 Doors, entirely exclude COLD DRAFTS, 
i^Hrain and snow in Winter, saving half 
^■lyour fuel. Exclude DUST in Summer, 
^■i saving Furniture, Curtains and (Carpets, 
^■andstop RATTLING SASHES. Windows 
■^H raised and lowered as usual for ventila- 
■■ tion. Stood the test |2 YEARS. 
■■ Windows and Doors Measured FREE 
^^HOF CHARGE, ^end your address, and 
^HH let us do one or two on trial. 
^H FOR OUR ADDRESS, 
^^1 Look in N. Y. City Directory under 
^^H B. Fur Browne's Metallic Weather Stiij)8. 
^■Hm. For Metallic Weather Strips, (Browne's.) 
^^Hw. For Weather Strips, (Browne's MetaUic.) 

|H THE PATENT 

■ metallic WEATHER STRIP CO. 




812 Broadway; New Yor^ 





MURTAUGH'S 

DUMB WAITERS 

Have now been in use for a number of years and require only 
to be known to be appreciated. Also, 

Hoist Wheels and Store Dumb Waiters,, 

CARRIAGE AND INVALID ELEVATORS 

Of the most approved pattern at .*liort notice. 

Dumb Vv^aiters of all kinds Repaired or Altered 
with all possible dispatch. 

JAMES MURTAUGH, 

iVf^n- S7th Streety 1370 liBOADJf Al, NEW YOIIK^ 



CEXTliAL PARK. 81 

up," uud wlieu, under a few !sini])le and reasonable restrictions, 
any one may come and enjo}' this exliilarating winter sport. 
The Scotch citizens of New York find an opportunity to enjoy 
tlie national game of curling, on the Conservatory Water. 
This game is growing greatl}'^ in i)opuhirity under the encour- 
agement and approval of the Park Commissioners. Commo- 
dious houses, so constructed as to be readily removed at the 
close of the season, are erected during the winter, on the mar- 
gin of the Lake and other waters, for the accommodation and 
refreshment of spectators, skaters, and curlers. 

THE KAMBLE. 

After the Lake, the Ramble is tlie natural attraction. It 
covers a piece of ground of about twenty-six acres, sloping 
a])ward from tlie northern shores of the Lake to the old 
Croton Reservoir, and is bounded on both sides by the great 
drive, from which access ma}' be gained by foot-paths at sev- 
eral 2ioints of the Ramble, although the principal avenue of 
approach is by the Bow Bridge across the iiarrow part of the 
Lake. The Ramble is a labyrinth of wooded walks abound- 
ing in sequestered nooks, rustic bridges over little brooks, 
wild vines and flowers, summer-houses and seats of rustic 
make, occasional little patches of lawn, all clustering so nat- 
urally that the agency of art scarcely seems apparent. It is 
not surprising that the Ramble has more loving friends than 
an}^ other portion of the Park, when it is considered how 
many are the attractions it offers. The Lake shore is beautiful 
at every point ; iiim views every whei-e reveal themselves ; 
foreign birds, as i)elicans, storks, cranes, and herons, have 
here their home; and for the pleasant chat of friends, the 
quiet enjoyment of a, ])ook, or sim])le rest from toil, the Ram- 
ble has abundant accommodation. More pretentious descri})- 
tions than this utterly fail of justice to its beauties. 



PHOTOGRAPHER 

MADISON SQUARE, 

T^N^ENTY-THIRD STREET, 
ONE DOOR FROM BROADWAY. 



RECEIVED HIGHEST AWARDS IN 

mnm, nniz mt new vobk. 




CENTRAL I'ARK. 8:^ 

THE MONUMENT TO NCIULLER, 

1'lie CTeiiiuiii poet, is ])la('ed in tlie western part of the 
Eanible, near the shore of the nortliern arm of the Lake, 
and facing the little bridge over the Gill. 

THE CAVE. 

At the base of the extrt-nie western slope of tlie Ramble 
is the Cave, an interesting spot, mostly natnral and but partly 
arrilicial. A steej) path leads to the foot of a large rock, and 
turning sliarp to the left the cave is entered at a level ; the 
entrance is dark, but a few steps reveal the light, and afford 
an outlook upon the Lak(\ From tlie other side, a series of 
locky steps lead to tli<^ top of tlie rock over the Cave. A 
f imily of owls occupy a idclie in one of tlie deepest crevi(;es 
of the Cave, and by their sombre appearance and weird 
looks add to the apparent gloom of the place, 

THE BELVEDERE 

Is a Normal Gothic structure, situated on a large rock that 
pierces the wall of the Old Reservoir at its southwestern 
angle. It uot only ])rovides a pleasant place of rest and shel- 
ter, but is an excellent ])ost for observation, being the higlK^st 
])oint in the Park. It can be a})proaclied not only on foot, 
l)ut al.o by a " doidvey express" that carries the weary trav- 
eler to the top of the hill : a species of locomotion much in 
favor with European tourists, and now for the first time intro- 
duced here. 

THE TIJ.WEL 

lias betm excavated through tli<' i-ock almost beneath the 
]3e]vedere and north of the Raiiibic, for the accoinnKKiation 



STATEN ISLAND 

FANCY DYEING ESTABLISHMENT. 

BARRETT, NEPHEWS & CO. 
0£&ce, Nos. 5 & 7 John Street, New York. 

BPl^^3SrCi3: OFFICES : 

1142 Broadway, near 26th Street NEW YORK. 

279 (old No. 269) Fulton Street corner Tillary BROOKLYN. 

47 North Eighth Street PHILADELPHIA. 

110 West Baltimore Street BALTIMORE. 



T*i*o(si<loiit. 

.A. B 3VE . C. ^Wr O O ID , 

NEW YORK 

Dyeing and Printing Establishment, 



Estiil>iiBliocl ill lSlt>. 

98 Duane Street, near Broadway NEW YORK. 

752 Broadway, near Eighth Street » 

610 Sixth Avenue, near Thirty-sixth Street " 

166 and 168 Pierrepont Street, near Fulton BROOKLYN. 

40 North Eighth Street PHILADELPHIA. 

DYE, CLEANSE AND REFINISH 

Ladies' and Genliemen's Gamenis and Piece Goods 

IN A SUPER ion MANX Eli. 



CENTRAL PARK. 85 

of the transverse road that (grosses tlie Park at Sevent^^-iiiiith 
street. It is 146 feet long, and 17 feet 10 inclies liigh, and is 
chief!}' interestinp: as illnstrating the very great ex])enditnre 
of time, labor, and money whicli has been found necessary 
to perfect the attractions of the Park. 

CONSERVATORY WATER. 

Two and a half acres in extent, lying contiguous to the 
Fifth avenue, between Seventy-third and Seventy-fifth streets, 
and a feature of a charming plan, embracing both conserv- 
atory, flower-garden, and music hall. 

A TEMPORARY ENCLOSURE FOR DEER 

Will be found nortli of the entrance by tlie Miner's Gate, at 
Fifth avenue and Seventy-ninth street. It contains several 
moose and a large number of ordinary deer. 

THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART • 

Is now in process of erection on the Fifth avenue side, between 
Eightieth and Eighty-fourtli streets. 

THE MAZE 

Is located east of the New Reservoir and south of the third 
transverse road. Within the enclosure are 3,700 feet of gravel 
walk, and 2,250 trees, arranged so as to render any attem})t 
to reach its central point, or to find a place of exit, somewliat 
amusing and difficult. When tlie trees liave become suffi- 
ciently grown to conceal th(^ paths, the Maze will, no doubt, 
be a source of mu(;h pleasure and ainusement, but at present 
it will hardly repay a visit. 



Ladies' aiiJ Geiitleiiieii's Garmeiils Dyed or Cleaiiel MMsoiiiely anJ promptly. 



BARRETTS, PALMER & HEAL, 

Dyeing Establishment, 

DYERS OF 

tmzz GOODS, wauNERy goods, ac- 
484 Broadv/ay, N. Y. 

(TWO DOOUS BELOW BROOME STREET), 



( 191 GHAND STREET, New York. 
BrMh Offices;-) ^^^ FJLTON ST., near Daffield St., Brooklyn. 

(451 BROAD ST., Newark, opp. Continental Hotel. 

Col. T H. MONSTERY'S 

619 SiXTH AVENUE, 

NEAR 36Ui STREET, NEW YORK, 
For tJie Leaj'iiiiiff ami Pradice of 

Fencing, Eomg, Calisthenics, Shooting, &c., &c. 

Boxing taught on an unsurpassed Academical System, by which a pupil 
may become proficient in one month. 

A 90-FT. SAFETY SHOOTING GALLERY ON THE PREMISES AND 
INDEPENDENT OF THE ACADEMY. 

A fine assortment of Fencing Apparatus and Boxing Gloves on hand and for sal e 

Private Instruction to Ladies and Misses in Foil Fencing and 
Calisthenics. 



CENTKAL PATIK. 87 

THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 

Is now ill process of crt'ctioii on Mauliattaii Squart^, Eiglitli 
avenue between Sixt>'-sevent]i and Ei<i-lity-lii'st street. 



THE KNOLL; 

Or, as sometimes called, Sunimit Rock, is in tlie extreme 
western portion of the Park, opposite tlie upper section of 
tlie Old Reservoir. Being of easy ascent, its lieiglit is cfuite 
deceptive : but it well repays tlie trouble of a, visit, as it com- 
mands one of tlie most extensive views to be liad in the Park. 



THE UPPER PARK. 

All of that portion of the Park lying north of the Xew 
Reservoir is Tisually known as the Upper Park, but is con- 
nected with tlie Lower Park In' tlie drive, l)ridle-road, and 
foot-path. This section lias not received tlic aniount of elab- 
oration that has been bestowed upon the Lower Park, but 
should not on tliat account lie neglected by the visitor. The 
special objects of interest are not numerous ; but the land- 
scape lias a bold, free character, the drives have longer sweeps 
and stretches, the elevations and depressions are more marlved, 
and the views from the higher points abundantly reward the 
time, trouble and strength consumed in seeking them. Tlie 
most ])rominent features are : 

MOUNT ST. VINCENT. 

The thoroughfares that lead from tlic Lower Park })ass 
entirely around a large open space north of the New Reser- 
voir, denominated the East and West Meadows, tli<> roadwa}' 
on the east side leading beyond to ATotiiit St. N^inceiit. The 



Established 1845. 



O. ^W. CROSLEY, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

SILK AND WORSTED TRIMMINGS, 

Tringss, Tassels, Gimps, Buttons and Cord for 

LADIES' DRESSES, 

Fringes, Tassels, Gimps and Cords for 

. UPHOLSTERY TRIMMINGS, 

Fringes, Tassels, Gimps and Cords for 

PULPIT TRIMMING, 

9 O O B R O J^ D W ^ Y, 

Entrance on 20th street. 

MRS. C. DONAVAN, 

Trench Millinery and Dressmaking. 



SPECIALTY. 



\\\p\\\^i fitiiclt jrt)cnitt0 JRrt').^(*Jj, 



ISrOUVEAUTES, 

No. 8 East Eigliteentli Street, 

Between Fifth Avenue and Broadway, - NEW YORK. 



CENTRAL I»ARK. 89- 

building liere located was forinerl}' occupied by the Roman 
Catholic! Academy, now on the Hudson, near Yonkers. It is 
now used principally for a restaurant, where, though tlie 
prices are somewhat exhorbitant, refreshments are provided. 
Tlie former chapel is fitted for the exhibition of the casts 
of the late Mr. Crawford's sculptures, which were presented 
to the Park by his widow, in 1860. The basement of this 
building is fitted up as a museum. Adjoining the Chapel 
is a fine conservatory, which contains many very rare and 
valuable plants well worthy of inspection. 

OLD FOliTIFICATIUNS. 

Close to the northeast corner of the Park, und forming 
a pretty point from which to overlook the Harlem Meer, 
arc the remains of eartliworks erected during the Avar of 
1812. They have been iieatly tuifed over, but ])reserved as 
nearly as possible in their original form. 

THE BLOCK-HOUSE. 

Considerable to th(^ west of the earthworks, beyond the 
Lake and near the Warrior's Gate, which opens upon Seventh 
avenue, is a small block-house, a relic of 1812, winch was 
used either as a nuigazine or fortification. This and the 
earthworks were links in the chain of fortifications that 
extended across the north end of the island, of which abun- 
dant evidences exist further to the west. 

THE POOL, bOCH, AND HAELEM MEER. 

These three bodies of watci- arc essentially one, being con- 
nected with and fiowing into each other. The waters fiow 
from the Pool nt lotst street, a short distance from tli«^ western 




JOHN C. HAM, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Fine Berlin Landaus, 

LAUDAULETS, COUPES, POUY PH^ETOHS, 



AND 



Ham's Patent Celeliratefl Circiilar Glass Froot LaoJaiilet. 

I sell 20 per cent, less than Broadway or Fifth Ave. Stores. 
An assortment of Seoond-Hand Carriages taken in exchange, some as good as New. 

10, 12, 14, 16, 13 and 20 EAST FOURTH ST., 

■One Square from either New York or Grand Central Hotels, NEW YORK. 

House Furnishing Hardware, 



Tea Trays, Fire Irons and Fenders, 

Qmm, cRocKEay s ousswARHt 

Kitchen Furniture and Cooking Utensils, 
BRUSHES, BROOMS, BASKETS, &c., &c. 

(Formerly of BERRIAN'S,> 

920 BROADWAY, corner Twenty-First Street. 



CENTUAL PAMK. 91 

v.all. iiiidci- the drive into the Tjocli ; tlience easterly in a 
Somali sticanilet to the Meer, wliic.h extends to the northeasrcru 
bouiKhiry of the Park at Fiftli avenue and 110th street. A 
foot])at]i runs ah)ng the margin of the water, and over rnsti(; 
bridges, by foaming littlt^ ('ascades and (j^uiet ])ools, to num}^ 
very l)eantifnl and sec^iK^stered S]iots. 

THE (iREAT TTFLL. 

This elevation, commonly called "The View," abcmt mid- 
way between tlie Pool and the noitliern ))oundary, is a central 
feature in the northwestern portion of the Park. Its altitude 
is not <[iute so great as tlie Knoll, but it appears much higlier 
on account of the greater depressions about it. There is a 
carriage concourse at the top, whence there is a commanding 
view, ext(mding from the Hudson to th<^ East River and the 
Sound, including a remai'kable variety of scenery ajid intei-est- 
ing incident. 

HOW TO GO TO THE PARK. 

The public conveyances that lead to the immediate vicin- 
ity of the Park, are the street cars, as follows : 

Fourth Ave. R. R,., from the lower end of th(^ City 
Hall Park. 

Third Ave. R. R., from the lower end of the City Hall Park. 

Eighth Ave. R. R., from both Vese}^ and Canal streets. 

The cars of above roads all run beyond the upper end of 
th<^ Park, thus affording an ojDpqrtunity to enter by the gates 
on Fifty-ninth street, or at either of the upj^er or side 
i'lil ranees. 

Sixth Av(\ R. R., from both A^esej^ and Canal streets. 

Seventh Ave. R. R., from both Park Place and Broome st. 

The cars of these last-nann.'d roads do not go beyond Fifty - 
nintli street. 



CHARLES BARTENS, 

(Successor to Fred. Kiddle,) 

3 John Street, near Broadway, N. Y., 

FIIMi WATCHil 

AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 

WATCHES AND CHRONOMETERS MADE 

And carefully repaired and regulated, and adjusted in temperature 

positions. 



3 



N. B.— The Vacheron & Constantin Geneva Watches a Specialty. 

DENTAL ASSOCIATION, 

Originated the use of 

Laughing Gas fof the Paioless [xtfaction of Teeth, 

And have given it, during the past eleven years, to 

77,228 Patients without a Failure or Accident, 



COME TO HEAD-QUARTERS : 



PARKS AND PUBLIC SQUARES 



BATTERY. 

Situated at the southernmost terminus of the metropolis, 
connected with the Battery, is Castle Garden. This structure 
now retains but little of its original past architectural beauty, 
hav'ing been for some time used as a depot for emigrants. 

BOWLINCI GREEN. 

Close to the Battery, at the entrance to Broadway, is the 
small enclosure so called from having been used as such 
2)iior to the Revolution. Here stood, at the ('ommencement 
of the Revolutionary struggle, the leaden statue of George 
III, which was pulled down and melted into bullets, to be 
iised by the Americans. The railing here plainly shows the 
marks made by the removal of tlie ornamental iron globes, 
that were converted into cannon balls. 

CITY HALL PARK 

Is an enclosure of about ten acres, containing the City Hall, 
Court House, and other public buildings, also the New Post 
Office. 

WASHINGTON" SQUARE, 

Was formed by laying out the ground formerly occupied as 
a Potter's Field. On one side is the University Building. 
South Fifth avenue now bisects this Park. 



^^s. ^^Sk\ 



■ V^^ATCHES, 

Jewelry & Silver Ware, 

677 SIXTH AYE,, COR. 39th ST. 

Particular attention paid to the Repairing of Fine 
W-^atches, French Clocks and Music Boxes. 



ONLY EXPERIENCED WORKMEN EMPLOYED. 



L. BONET, 



CAMEO PORTRAITS, 



FANTAISIE, 



saa Bmoi^Bi*^^^ir. 



PARKS AND PUBLIC SQUARES. 95 

UNJOIN SQUAEE, 

At the npper or northern end of Broadway, extends from 
Fourteenth to Seventeenth streets. At the south side is the 
bronze equestrian statue of Washington, and opposite, on 
Broadway side, stands the statue of Abraham Lincoln. 

GRAMERCY PARK, 

Situated a little to the northeast of the above, is a select and 
beautifid enclosure on a smaller scale. This Park is private 
property, having been ceded to the owners ot the surround- 
ing lots by S. B. Ruggles, Esq. It forms the area between 
Twentieth and Twenty-hrst street, and the Third and Fourth, 
avenues. 

STUYVESANT PARK 

Extends from Fifteenth to Seventeenth street, and is divided 
by the intersecting passage of the Second avenue. The Rev. 
Dr. Tyng's Church is upon the west side of this Park. The 
ground was presented by the late P. G. Stuyvesant, Esq., to 
the corporation of this Church. 

TOMKINS SQUARE, 

Ten and one-half acres in extent, occupying the area formed 
by avenues A and B, and Seventh and Tenth streets, is now 
used as a parade ground, but orders have been issued to place 
it in its former condition as a j^ark. 

MADISON SQUARE, 

Comprising ten acres, is at the junction of Broadway and 
Piftli avenue. On the west side stands the monument of 
General Worth. 



STICK & BROMBERG, 



DEALEES IN 



^m, l|}o$l ^iml ^ttm i\nH, 



39 MERCER STREET, 



Near Grand Street. 



NEW YOHK. 



m« OHE. Elli'^ 



Manufacturer and Importer of 



Ladies' and Cents' Satchels, Umbrellas, Ac, 

Cabin Trunks and Sea Chairs for European Travel, 

No. 592 SIXTH AVENUE, 

Bet. 34th Sc 35th Sts. NEW YORK. 

Trunks and Trunk Covers made to order. Repairing neatly done. 
All Goods warranted as represented. 



PARKS AND PUBLIC SQUAKES. 97 

KESERVOIR PARK. 

Reservoir Square is located between the Fifth and Sixth 
avenues, and Fortieth and Forty-second streets, and has an 
extent of between nine and ten acres, upon one-half of which 
is the Distributing Reservoir. The other, or western half, 
once had upon it the New York Crystal Palace, but since 
the destruction of that building by the fire of 1858, the 
grounds have been kept open as a j)ark. 

MT. MORRIS SQUARE. 

Mt. Morris Square presents the anomalous appearance of 
nn abrupt hill, with thickl}'' wooded sides, rising from the 
midst of a plain that has no other hills upon it. It "heads 
off" the Fifth avenue at One Hundred and Twentietli street, 
and extends as far north as One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
street, and its area is over twenty acres. It is the breathing 
spot of the pretty village of Harlem, and the favorite resort 
of the citizens. 

RIVERSIDE PARK 

Situated on the Hudson River, between Seventy-second and 
One Hundred and Twenty-ninth streets, is a long narrow strip 
of land, almost entirely on tlie river slope, comprising some 
Eighty-two acres, and at present possessing no other than 
natural beauties. 

MORNINGSIDE Pi^RK 

Is another newly laid out piece of ground, forming the area 
between Eighth and Tenth avenues and One Hundred and 
Tenth to One Hundred and Twenty-third streets. The land 
here is so excessively irregular that it could not have been, 
under any circumstances, adapted to building purposes, hence 



NEW YORK DENTAL ROOMS, 

ESTABLISHED 1851. 

A beautiful Set of Gum Teeth, $15. 

On Improved Kubber — The most comfortable and closely fitting material worn. 




Solid Gold Fillings, $3. 

Diploma awarded by American Institute for best specimen exhibited 
at Crystal Palace, in 1867. 

Dr. a. W. header, 

Bet. 16th & 17th sts. 262 Sixth Ave. 

J. J. CONNER, 

311 SIXTH AVENUE, Bet. 19tli and 20tli Sts. 

Manufacturer and Dealer in 

FINE SHOES. 



CUSTOM ^VORK A. SPECIALTY. 



PAKKS A^D PUBLIC SQUARES. 99 

tlie property owners were glad to cede the ground to tlie city 
for a Park, with the view of enhancing the surrounding prop- 
erty. 

Under the able control of the present Commissioners all 
of the above-named Parks have lately undergone; a marked 
improvement. Many of them, more especially the Battery 
Grounds, were a disgrace to the city, but they are now being 
fast transformed into miniature Paradises ; all have been 
entirely remodelled, and in some the changes have been so 
radical that they would not be recognized as the old spots by 
persons who have been absent from the city for the 2^ast five 
years ; Union Square, Washington Square, and tlie Battery 
Grounds, are notable instances of the entire and comj)lete 
changes that have been effected ; tlie most prominent of these, 
and one that will commend itself to all those who remember 
what j)l^gne spots these parks were after dark, in the olden 
time, is the removal of the iron railings and fences, and the 
placing of numerous lights along the paths, making all por- 
tions of the grounds as visible as in the day time. 

The City Hall Park has lately received a new fountain, 
which is very elaborate in appearance, though there appears 
to be a scarcity of water ; it has received from the press of 
the city the name of the "Wayside Cross," though the 
reason is not apparent, but the "gentlemen of the press" are 
fond of bestowing titles, both on persons and things, tliat 
are inappropriate and undeserving. 



THE 



Old Chambers St. Candy Manufactory 

WHOI.ESALE AND RETAIL, 

ESTABLISHED 1806. 



EIDLEY & CO., 



strictly Pure, Steam Refined 



Candy & Sugar Plums, 

COR. CHHMBERS t HUDSON STS,, 

And 1149 Broadway, bet. 26tli and 27tli Sts., 



NEW YOl 



ROBERT A.. RIDLEY. 



^V]VI. EORCE. 



gr@ Eefffi 





WITH 

WATER, WINE 

AND 

IIIIIK CDOIEB, 

THE BEST 

FOOD 

AND 

ICE KEEPER 

IN THE WORLD. 

m. M, L[SLE!, 

Manufacturer, 

224 &m lest 231 St,, 

NEW YORK. 



THEATRES. 



There are no finer theatres in the world than those in 
this city, and the untraveled lover of the drama may 
safely content himself with the fact that when he goes to 
Booth's, Wallack's, or "The Union Square," he sees a stage 
which London and Paris cannot rival. The Parisian actors 
are nnequaled, for art to them is a second nature ; but 
in other respects our best theatres need fear no rivalry. 
To go to either of our first-class theatres is like entering 
a parlor, where only the foot lights divide the guests. 
The time was in the recollection of our present theatre- 
goers when scenery was scarcely more than a hint of that 
which it was supposed to represent. But how different is 
it now. In the completeness and variety of their appoint- 
ments our modern theatres are the jDerfection of art. The 
scenery is no longer illusion, but reality. 

With all this splendor and luxurj'^ our theatres combine 
intelligent acting, and the tendency to make scenery and 
costume supreme is resisted. All that is now wanted 
necessary to complete success is a literature of our own ; 
the picture should be worthy of the frame, and the 
present great want is American plays. Why they are not 
written is hard to decide. It is certainly not for want 
of talent, for there is ability enough in every other depart- 
ment of literature. It is to be hoped that it will not 
always be the case, that with the best theatres in the 
world, and actors only surpassed by tlie French, we 
shall depend upon other nations for our plays. 



Le Boutillier Brothers 

Always have a large assortment of 

French and English Dress Groods, 

In the Newest Styles, at the Lowest Prices. 

SUPERIOR BLACK SILKS, MADE SPECIALLY FOR TIIEM. 

PLAIN AND FANCY COLORED SILKS. 

POPLINS, MERINOS, CASHMERES, EMPRESS CLOTH, SERGES, DIAGONALS, &c. 

EMBROIDERED POLONAISES AND JACKETS. 

RIBBONS, SASH RIBBONS & SASHES. 

EMBROIDERED HANDKERCHIEFS, COLLARS, CUFFS, MUSLIN WORK, LACES, &c. 

LADIES' UNDERWEAR— FRENCH AND DOME -TIC. 

CORSETS, OP THE BEST MAKES. PERINOTS PARIS KID GLOVES— our colors. 

HOSIERY, MERINO VESTS, DRAWERS, &c. 
LINENS, DAMASKS, QUILTS, SHEETINGS, SHIRTINGS, FLANNELS, &c. 

A MOURNING DEPARTMENT, 

With all the most desirable fabrics. 

4:S JEciSt 14:tJl St,, south side of Union Square, 

F. GROTE & CO., 

Turners & Dealers in Ivory, 

m EAST t4TH STREET, 

Opposite Academy of Music NEW YORK. 

IT^MY WAWB, W'WWW m^KMB, MmMQ^B^ 

OPERA GLASSES, &c. 



Mepairing in Ivory and Shell done at short notice. 



THEATRES. 103 

Though there are some thirty odd places of amnsement 
in this city, we purpose presenting the reader with descrip- 
tions of only the most prominent and noteworthy establish- 
ments. 

UISnON SQUARE THEATRE. 

This celebrated theatre, which in its comparatively short 
career of tliree years, under the proprietorship of Mr. 
Sheridan Shook and the management of Mr. A. M. Palmer, 
has won its Avay to the position of the leading comedy theatre 
of the English-speaking stage, is located in Union Square 
a few doors east of Broadway. 

The very greatest successes in the history of the drama 
in tliis country have been won by the enterprise, discretion 
and tact of the management of this theatre. Tlieir record 
embraces the successful production and long runs of some 
of the best of the modern contributions to the drania. 
'•Agnes,'' "One Hundred Years Old,'' "The Geneva Cross," 
"The Wicked World" and "Led Astray," were each of 
them ]iresented to the American public for the tirst time 
at this theatre. 

The company is recognized as absolutely the strongest 
in the country. A glance at the names included in the 
list will show the perfection of this organization. The 
leading ladies are Misses Clara Morris, Eose Ey tinge, and 
Charlotte Thompson. The gentlemen, Messrs. Chas. R. 
Thorne, Jr., McKee Rankin and F. F. Mackay. 

The reputation of tliis theatre for the setting and mount- 
ing of plays is more than national in its extent. The 
most distinguished fon^ign autliors seek to ".:ave their plays 
produced at the ''Union Square," contident that tli(-ir 
works will receive full justice in the presentation, both 
from the management in production, and from the company 
in actinir. 



RICHARD MEARES, 

Sixth Avenue & 19th Street, 

Invites an examination of bis 

LAHG-E AND ELEGANT STOCK OF 

LADIES' SILK COSTUMES, 

(Botli Imported and of our own Manufacture,) 

COMBINING STYLE & ELE&ANCE WITH MODERATION IN PRICE. 



[legant Black Silk Walking Suits, in Newest Designs, 

$55, 65, 69, 75, 85, 95 and 100. 

VERY STYLISH COLORED GROS GRAIN SILK DRESSES, 

$75, 88, 95 and 100. 

Over Skirts and Basques, Walking Jackets and Polonaises, 

Beaded and Embroidered, in latest novelties. 

HOUSE LIIESSE3, MORNING AND FINE UNDEEWEAE, 

In Linen, Cambric and Muslin. 



Laiies', lisses' M Infants' Conplete Otttfits aM Tronsseaix 

A SPECIALTY. 

FINE IMPORTED MOUND HATS AND BONNETS 

From tbe most celebrated Paris modistes; and a large and choice collection of 



Black and Colored Silks and Dress Goods, 

Fine Laces and embroideries. 

And a superb stock of 

HOSIERY, MERINO UNDERWEAR AND GLOVES, 

Much under prevailing prices. 

KICHARD MEAKES, 

Cor. Sixth Ave. and 19th St» 



THEATRES. 105 



BOOTH'S THEATRE. 



This magnificent structure, situated on Twenty-third 
street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues, covering an area 
of 200 feet in depth and 100 feet in width, was erected at 
a cost of $800,000. Constructed of granite, it consists of 
four stories, with a double French roof. The simplicity of 
the edifice is remarkable, while at the same time it is one 
of the grandest buildings in the city, and, perhaps, in the 
country. There is one grand entrance on Twenty-third 
street, and one on Sixth avenue, and at the close of the 
performances, five other means of egress, opening directly 
on the street, are thrown open to the audience. 

The seating capacity of the theatre, including the private 
boxes, will accommodate 2,000 persons with ease. The audi- 
torium is lighted by electricity. An efficient fire brigade, 
composed of the different employees of the theatre, thor- 
oughly drilled in the working of the numerous fire appar- 
atus throughout the building, with four watchmen con- 
tinually patrolling the building, lend additional security, 
in case of fire, to the easy and rapid means of egress 
afforded the audience. 

Messrs. Jarrett & Palmer are the present lessees of this 
theatre, and promise a season of unrivaled interest to 
theatre goers. They have planned a series of labors, in 
which the claims of dramatic art, the influence of the 
stage upon society, and the duty of a manager to the in- 
tellectual, moral and spiritual needs of the time appear 
to be recognized. They therefore will command, by serving 
truth and right, the support of those to whom these quali- 
ties are dear. They begin the greatest work of their lives 
in a sober and thoughtful spirit ; they receive with honor 
the spotless mantle of Edwin Booth, and they open a 
noble theatre with genuine and practical reverence for the 
genius of the place. 



ICLLEE & eilNT 



5) 



879 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 

IMPORTERS OF THE LATEST NOVELTIES 



IN 




DRESS AND CLOAK TRIMMIN&S, 

RIBBONS, 

Fancy Goods, Fans, 

cAsc, cftJC, tfisc 



^^^n 



oos 



9^ 



APOTHECARY, 

846 Broadway, adjoining Wallack's Theatre, 

RELIABLE DRU&S AND MEDICINES, 

Supplied at all hours by competent Pharmacists. 

CnOWN rEJlFUMES, Clioicesf Odors. 

CliOn y HAIR BRUSHES, Elasfic and Durable Bristle. 
CROWN TOOTH BRUSHES, ererif rarieff/ of Shape, 
Brisfies will not break ojf or fail out while using. 

TOILET CUTLERY OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 

Ivory and Tortoise Shell Combs, Brushes, Mirrors, &c. Also, Cosmetiques, 
Blaucs, Rouges, Crayons, Blonde Powders, &c. 

FINE CUP AND TOILET SPON&ES. 

THE ATAVOOD COLOGNE, 

DELICATE, LASTING AND FRAGRANT. 



THEATRES. 107 

WALLACE'S THEATRE. 

This justly entitled Home of Comedy was first opened 
at tlie theatre corner of Broadway and Broome street, 
where, for a decade, it kept the highest rank as a tlieatre 
lor the representation of the best school of dramas and 
comedies. The next movement of the late veteran manager, 
Mr. James AV. Wallack, was to build the present theatre, 
corner of Thirteenth street and Broadway. This place of 
amusement was opened in 18G1, and was, until the death 
of the elder AVallack, under his immediate management. 
At his decease the property became his son's, the present 
])roprietor and manager, Mr. Lester Wallack. This man- 
agement has now steadily held the first place in the 
]niblic estimation for a quarter of a century. New York 
looks to AVallack' s Theatre as the pilot and safeguard of 
the drama — the theatre where the higher and better class 
of dramatic works finds a permanent home. His company 
is always selected with a view to the most perfect cast 
of legitimate comedy. It is very seldom, we can trul}^ 
say, we have seen a good play badly acted at Wallack' s 
Theatre. In saying so much we do not intend to praise, 
but to be just. The building is not very pretentious, but 
is comfortable, and large enough for the purposes in- 
tended, and their plays are always admirably put 
upon the stage. The stock company, at the regular theat- 
lical season, numbers among its members some actors and 
actresses who would be "stars" at most of the other 
theatres. The names of artists who have appeared under 
the AVallack management are the brightest in the list of the 
ornaments of the stage. Messrs. AValcot, Blake, Fisher, 
Brougham, Gilbert, Sothern ; Mesdames Hoey, Gannon, 
Vernon, Laura Keene, Henriques, Jennings, and others. 
As a school of a(!ting Wallack' s Theatre is one of the 
best in any country where the English language is spoken. 



POMEROY'S TRUSSES. 

POMEROY'S BAND TRUSSES. 

These are, beyond comparison, the most perfect instruments 
in use for the retention and cure of Hernia. They consist of a 
light, metallic band, accurately shaped to the contour of the pelvis 
for each case, and so nicely fitted that no pressure is felt, except 
on the gluteal muscles behind and the inguinal canal in front.. 

The Eupture Pads are varied in construction, form and size, 
according to the requirements of each case. The celebrated 
Finger Pad will effect a radical cure in most cases, without dis- 
comfort to the patient. 

POMEROY'S ELASTIC RUPTURE BELTS. 

These are an improvement on the much advertised " Elastic 
Truss," so called, and are warranted superior to all other "Elastic 
Trusses" without metal springs. No person whose attention has 
been directed to the so called "Elastic Truss" should fail to 
see the "Elastic Rupture Belt" before purchasing. Price, $4. 

POMEHOY ^ CO., 744 Broadway, ITew York. 

ABBOTT'S ZIECOIT SOAP 

Will wash Clothes in one-fifth of the time ; wear one-third 
longer; gives Cotton, Muslin, and Linen a lustrous white- 
ness ; renders Flannels soft and flexible ; removes stains 
from Table Linen, Napkins, etc.; is elegant for the Bath 
or Toilet, leaving the skin soft and pliant; takes less than 
one-half the quantity of any Soap in use. 

Warranted not to injure the most delicate Faliric. 

ASK YOUR GROCER FOR IT. 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE SUPPLIED. 

NEW YORK ZIRCON SOAP CO., 

Ho. 1 Barclay Street, Few York. 



THEATRES. 109 

THE COLOSSEUM, 

Corner of Tliirty-fiftli street and Broadway, is a novelty 
in the building art, rendered necessary by the purposes for 
which it is intended, viz., the exhibition of the somewhat 
famous historical Cyclorama of "London by Day," painted 
by E. T. Parris in 1828, and exhibited in London for over 
forty years. The painting, covering over 40,000 square feet 
of canvas, represents London as it appears from the 
dome of St. Paul's Cathedral, and must therefore be 
stretched in a circle around the observer, who views it 
from a great elevation. 

There is also exhibited here, besides "London by Bay," 
the equally marvelous and magnificent historical Cyclo- 
rama illusion, b}^ Danson & Sons, of "Paris by Moon- 
light," and the still more interesting Cyclorama, also by 
the same artist, of "Modern London by Night." In these 
miracles of art, the illusion that one is looking down from 
a great height upon an illuminated city is absolutely per- 
fect. The beautiful effects of moonlight, storm and light- 
ning, are presented with such extraordinary fidelity that 
nervous and sensitive persons find it difficult to preserve 
their equanimity. The wondrous comparison between 
London of 1828 and London of 1873, presents an ex- 
tremely interesting history of the march of improvement 
in the great city. 

The Grand Promenade on the first floor consists of 
alcoves, elegantly decorated and furnished, affording 
abundant facility for high-toned intellectual and moral 
entertainments. 

Tills department is in charge of Professor Tobin, late of 
the London Polytechnic. Besides the novelties of th(> 
Grand Promenade, Professor Tobin ])resides over "Tli; 
Lectorium," a bijou tlieatre, south of tlie grand entranci\ 
elegantly and comfortably fitted up. Here Professor Tobin 



Lock Shank Rivet Buttons, 



WARRANTED NOT TO COME OFF. 



Inserted on all Shoes, free of charge, 



[AST SID[ AG[llCy for [. C. BURT'S FINE SHOES, 



» 



281 Grand Street, 

Near Forsyth Street. nSTE'VT' "yOI^IK. 



CIGARS AND CIGARETTES. 



Direct Importation from Havana. 



H. LEVY & BROTHER 



848 Broadway, New York. 



TWO DOOMS FnOM WALLACK'S THEATRE, 



THEATRES. Ill 

gives scientific expositions during each day and evening, 
comprising familiar lectures upon j)opular subjects of 
interest, illustrated by an extensive cabinet of philo- 
sophical and chemical apparatus, with mechanical and 
musical effects in endless variety. These experiments and 
wonderful effects are not jugglers' tricks, or tlie delusive 
arts of conjurers, but the combinations and results of 
scientific knowledge. 

Mr. W. A. Lilleindahl, the well known manager, has 
charge of the interests of the Colosseum. 

PARK THEATRE, 

Broadway between 21st and 22d streets, is admirably 
situated in the hotel centre of the city. Mr. William 
Stuart, formerly of the Winter Garden, is the proprietor, 
and Mr, Chandos Fulton is the acting manager. 

The season was inaugurated with Mark Twain' s ' ' Gilded 
Age," a drama that bids fair to run far into the winter; 
tliis success being mainly attributable to the efforts of Mr. 
Raymond, who has succeeded in making the character of 
"Col. Sellers" as famous as those of "Rip Van Winkle" 
and "Solon Shingle." There is ample accommodation for 
seating about twelve hundred persons, no stools are allowed 
in the aisles, and every part of the stage can be distinctly 
seen from all parts of the auditorium. 

The Park will be devoted solely to the production of 
American dramas and comedies, the stage being particularly 
adapted to this class of plays only. 

The orchestra is entirely hidden from view ; the (^ftect 
of this innovation being particularly noticeable in those 
dramas where music is a necessary concomitant ; the patlios 
of these passages being sometimes marred by the gym- 
nastic antics of the musicians in those orchestras which 
are arranged in fall view of the audience. 



IF YOIT WANT A GOOD SET OF FUES, 

Go to a a SMAYNES CO., Manufaeturern. 

If you want a good Sealskin Sacque, 

Go to C. a SHAYNES CO., Manufacturers. 
If you want a set of Child's Furs, 

Go to C. C. SHAYNES CO., Manufacturers. 
If you want a Handsome Muff or Boa, 

Go to C. C. SHAYNE^i CO., Manufacturers. 
If you want a pair of Fur Gloves, 

Go to C. C. SHAYNES CO., Manufacturers. 
If you wish to buy your husband a Fur Muffler or a Sealskin Cap, 

Go to C. C. SHAYNE tC CO., Manufatturers. 
If you wish to buy your wife a set of Furs, or any kind of Fur Garment, 

Go to C. C. SHAYNE c{ CO., Maniifacturrrs. 
If you want your Muff relined. 

Go to C. C. SUA YJSE <f: Co., 3Ianufacfi(rers. 
If yovi want your Seal Sacque relined or trimmed with fashionable fur, 

Go to C. C. SHAYNE a) Co., Manufacturers. 
If you want Fur Trimming's, 

Go to C. C. SHAYNE & CO., Broadway and lOth St. 

If you want Furs of any description, go to C. C. SHAYNE & CO., Im- 
porters and Manufacturers of Furs, agents for Hudson Bay Company, Broad- 
way corner Tenth street. 

Read what the leading papers say in regard to the Furs manufactured 
by C. C. Shayne & Co. 

The Christian Union says : " New Yoi-k and Brooklyn ladies of the better 
classes wi 1 this season patronize the house of C. C. Shayne & Co., the leading 
fashionable resort for reliab e and elegant Furs. The "goods manufactured by 
this firm are all made from choice skins, properly cured and dressed before 
being used, so that every article can be fully relied upon." 



The New York Weekly says : " C. C. Shayne & Co., the leading fashion- 
able fur house (agents for Hudson Bay Company), corner Broadway and Tenth 
street, have a splendid stock of Furs." 



The Dai'y Graphic says : "Ladies wishing to see all the leading fashion- 
able Furs should visit the establishment of C. C. Shayne & Co., corner of Broad- 
way and Tenth street. This firm is now recognized "as authority on Furs, and 
have the patronage of the leading families of the metropolis. Their goods are 
all made up in the latest and most f ashiouable style from selected skins, thoroughly 
cured by proper dressing before beine used for manufacturing, so that eveiy 
garment can be fully relied upon as being perfect in every particular. Messrs. 
Shayne & Co.'s new method of curing and dressing furs has proved a great success. 



The press and people all speak in praise of the El( gaut 
Furs manufactured by 

C. C. SHAiriMZ: «£ CO., 

Broadway & Tenth St., 

The firm is desirous of building iip a large business, and in 
order to accomplish the object are offering . 

DECIDED B^RG^INS. 



THEATRES. . 118 

NIBLO'S GARDEN, 

In Broadway, between Prince and Houston streets, in 
the rear of the Metropolitan Hotel, was jebuilt by Mr. 
A. T. Stewart on the site of the old theatre, destroyed 
by lire three years ago. The old house wais built in 
1850, and was one of the largest theatres iu the city. It 
was first opened under the management of Wm. Mblo. 
There are very few strangers who have ever visited New 
York who have not been to Niblo's Garden. For many 
years the Ravels were the great attraction. Subsequently, 
the "Black Crook" and kindred spectacles, under the 
management of Jarrett & Palmer, made this house famous 
throughout the entire United States. With a large seating- 
capacity the house was thronged nightly for nearly two 
years with admiring throngs of visitors, while many were 
turned away from the doors unable to obtain admission. 
Mr. C. R. Thorne is the present lessee, and inaugurated 
his management in September. 1874. with his magniticeul 
spectacular drama, "The Deluge.'" The theatre is devoted 
to spectacular dramas, ballet and opera, all to be pro- 
duced on a scale of magnificence unsurpassed by the 
efforts of previous managements. 

OLYMPIC THEATRE. 

This theatre, situated on Brondwuy, between Houston 
and Bleecker streets, was originally entitled ''Laura Keene's 
Theatre." Built by John Trimble, and opened under the 
management of Miss Laura Keene, October, 18r)6. During 
the period of that lady's management many of the present 
theatrical stars were in the list of the legular (Company. 
When the theatre passed under the management of Mrs. 
John Wood, it was re-christened "The Olympic.'' 

The auditorium is commodious,, with easy egress for .the 
largest audiences, and the stage arrangements are among 



MOSCHCOWITZ & RUSSELL, 

NEW YOKE, PARIS, 

21 University Place. 24 Rue du 4 Septembre. 

ANCIENNE MAISON LAMBERT, 

MADAME n. DE WAIBEL, 
CORSETS, ROBES ET MODES, 

No. 27 £ast Highteentli Street, 

Corner of Broadway. NEW YORK. 

B R O V/N'S 

London Round Hats & Paris Bonnets, 

Imported Tor seven years by 

Sister of W. C. BROWN, New Bond Street, London, 
1261 BROADWAY, 

Bet. 31st niul 32d Streets. NEV^ YORK. 



Between Fifth Avenue and Broadway. 19 West Thirtieth Street. 

IMFORTEH, 

Robes et Lingerie, Coiffures Breakfast Caps, 

CRINOLINES, CORSETS, &c. 



THEATRES. 115 

tile best in the world. The seats are commodious, afford- 
ing easy view of tlie stage from all parts of tlie audito- 
rium. 

Mr. Woolcott is the present lessee, and under his able 
management the performances given are of the lirst order 
of merit. "Variety" is the motto. The programme 
undergoes an incessant change ; old favorites and new 
talent are being continually brought out ; spectacle, bur- 
lesque, negro acts, acrobatic performances, opera, are all 
blended together artistically. The audience have no 
tedious "waits" between the acts; pieces follow each 
other in an uninterrupted How. Mr. Woolcott is deter- 
mined to make the Olympic the "Alhambra" of New 
York, and we have every assurance of his success. 

ACADEMY OF MUSIC, 

lining Place and Fourteenth street. This is the only 
opera house, strictly speaking, in the city ; was incorporated 
in 1862, and inaugurated ten years later by Grisi and Mario. 
The present is the second edifice that has been erected on this 
site, the first having been destroyed by fire May 1866. 

BRYANT'S MINSTRELS. 

Mr. Bryant has opened his opera house on Twenty -third 
street, near Sixth aveniie, for the eighteenth season. He 
has secured the services of all the old favorites, and added 
several well known in the field of minstrelsy. Mr. 
Br3^ant's purpose (in which he has admirably succeeded) 
is to make his little theatre one of the most attrnctive of 
the up-town resorts, and which shall command the respect 
and attention of the refined and the intelligent. The per- 
formances here are alwaj'^s chaste, entertaining nnd highly 
amusing. No other entertainment of this nature in the 
country will bear comparison with that of this organization. 



Between Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets, on the 
West side of Fifth Avenue, is the 

Grand Conservatory of Music, 

OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 

Of wliieh Prof. ERNST EBERHARD is the Founder and General Director. 



Although but recently established it has already the confidence of a large 
constituency. 

The system of education adopted in the Grand Conservatory is similar, 
in many respects, to the course adopted by the leading cc iiservatories of Europe, 
and is within the reach of the amateur as well as professional student. 

It presents all the advantages of eminent professorship, of lectures, of 
practical public exhibition, of consulting library, and, further, by means of 
the excellent orchestra attached to it, enables the young composers to study the 
effects of their maturing efforts in the art of instrumenting for the orchestra — 
an advantage to the student which cannot be over estimated. 

Every department of musical art is represented in its course of study, and 
each branch is entrusted to the care of a professor of eminence only. 

The course of studies embrace : 

THE PIANO-FORTE, ORGAN, FORMATION AND CULTIVATION OF THE 
VOICE, HARMONY, COUNTERPOINT, COMPOSITION, INSTRUMEN- 
TATION, VIOLIN, VIOLONCELLO, FLUTE, WITH THE OTHER REED 
AND BRASS INSTRUMENTS, AND INSTRUMENTS OF PERCUSSION, 
AND THE HARP, TOGETHER WITH THE ITALIAN, FRENCH AND 
GERMAN LANGUAGES AND DRAWING. 

The AmatcTir Orchestra, Opera, and Musical Library connected with the 
Institute, offer great facilities for instruction and concerted practice. 

The Artist's Department is kept exclusively for those who design to make 
music their jirofession, and are willing to devote sufficient time to acquire the 
requisite theoretical, practical and intellectual knowledge. The course of study 
in this Department differs from that adapted to the amateur student ; it is wider 
in its scope, more exhaustive in its details, and more varied in its branches ; and 
a more rigid observance of the rules relating to practice is demanded from those 
who enter their names as professional students. 

The regular course comprises one solo instrument or solo singing, with 
ensemble. Also, Harmony, Counterpoint, Thorough Bass, Instrumentation, 
History, Esthetics, and one foreign language. 

By special arrangement, the pupils of the Artist Department have the 
privilege of attending the Rehearsals of the Philharmonic Society withou^ 
charge. 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 



THE CITY HALL. 

This is an imposing edifice, and for tlie most part, built 
of marble. It was constructed between the years 1803-10, 
and occupied about nine j^ears in its construction, at a cost 
of about $700,000. At the celebration of the Atlantic Tel- 
egraph, the clock tower and other upper portions of the 
buikling Avere destroyed by fire, but have since been re- 
built. 

In the building are the several offices of tlie Mayor, 
Common Council, and Aldermen, the Governor's Room, 
City Librar}'^, and other business offices. 

The Governor's Room, as it is called, will be a j)lace of 
interest to many strangers, from the fact that it contains por- 
traits of mau}^ distinguished statesmen and other public 
functionaries — of greater or less merit— and a deslv on which 
Washington wrote his first message to Congress. The chairs 
used in the first Congress are in the Aldermanic Chamber, 
and the chair used by Washington when he was inaugurated 
first President of the United States is in the Maj^oVs ofllce. 

The United States District Court is located in Chambers 
street, at the rear of the City Hall. Tlie several other 
Courts are held in the brown stone building, situated at 
the north-east angle ot the City Hall. 

THE NEW COURT HOUSE. 
This building, not yet entirel}' completed, is situated in 



118 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

tlie rear of the City Hall, on Chambers street, and will be one 
of the most substantial edifices in the United States. Its 
equal is certainly not to be found in the city, and the im- 
mensity of the structure can only be seen and felt by a 
comparison with buildings of great capacity, towering as it 
does above the five-story buildings in the vicinity, com- 
pletely overlooking the present City Hall, and commanding 
as fine a view of the surroundings of New York as can 
possibly be had. It was commenced in September, 1861, 
under the direction and superintendence of Mr. Cummings 
H. Tucker, who was appointed by the Board of Supervisors 
for this purpose. The entire length of the building is 250 feet, 
and the breadth 150; rectangular in form, and three stories 
in height above ground. The plans and designs called for 
materials (particularly with reference to iron and marble) 
of great magnitude, and the expense attendant upon their 
selection, preparation, and adaptation, together with all the 
embellishments, is necessarily very heavy. The height of 
the new Court House, from the base course to top of pedi- 
ment, is 97 feet. The dome will be 128 feet high above 
the pediment, making a total height of the building, from 
the base course to the top of dome, 225 feet. From the 
sidewalk to the pediment the building is 82 feet high, and 
from sidewalk to top of the dome, 210 feet. 

The new Court House is an entirely fire-proof building 
— the ceilings from base to attic all being formed of brick 
arches — and when wb consider that here will be deposited all 
the records, wills, leases, and documents of the offices of the 
Register, County Clerk, and Surrogate, the citizens of New 
York, who are all more or less interested in the preserva- 
tion of these, will feel a security as to their property and 
interests not hitherto felt. 

It afl^ords accommodations for County Clerk, Register, 
Surrogate, Sheriff*, and Tax Departments and Tax Offices — 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 119 

departments in wliicli it is of the utmost importance that 
business should be transacted daily and with dispatch. 

The Court rooms are large, airy, unobstructed by col- 
umns, made with reference to the principles of acoustics, 
and finished in an agreeable and pleasing manner, so that 
they form an attractive feature to the spectator, and all 
to whom may be entrusted the administration of justice ; 
differing in this respect from most of the large rooms in 
the Capitol at Washington, the City Hall and other public 
buildings in which, as a general thing, the shadows and 
sombre hues are so strong as to intercept that light and 
heat so necessary to lend a cheerful aspect to any auditory. 

THE HALL OF RECORDS, 

Located to the east of the City Hall, was originally used 
for a prison, and subsequently as a cholera lios})ital. It 
is of coarse stone stuccoed over ; the entrances north and 
south are ornamented with Ionic columns. The building- 
is now used as the Depository for Deeds, Records, etc. 

THE HALLS OF JUSTICE. 

This is the city prison, or as it is more familiarly 
styled, from its gloomy aspect, "The Tombs." It is a 
spacious building, or rather series of buildings, occupying 
the square bounded by Centre street on the east. Elm 
street on the west, and Franklin and Leonard streets on 
the north and south. It is a massive structure in the 
Egyptian style, the main entrance being by an ascent of 
steps beneath a large portico supported by massive Egyptian 
columns. The Court of Sessions and Tombs Police Court, 
are held in this building. It also comprises the prison, 
which has about 150 cells. The place of execution of 
criminals is in the interior court yard. The edifice was 
completed in 18;J8. On application to the Commissioners 



120 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

of Public Charities and Correction, visitors may obtain 
admission to the prison. 

THE DEPARTMENT OP CHARITIES AND CORRECTION 

Have erected, on the corner of Eleventh street and Third 
avenue, a neat and substantial building, which they occupy. 
This very important department was created by an act of 
the State Legislature, and is the most benevolent institution 
in the city. Almost hourly through the winter the rooms 
are crowded with applicants for relief, whose wants are 
amply and promptly attended to. A large and very effi- 
cient corps of assistants are employed to carry out the 
objects for which this institution was created. This de- 
partment is under the management of a Board of Five 
Commissioners, who have entire control over all the public 
institutions of the city, including EandaU's, Ward's, and 
Blackwell's Islands. Any persons desirous of visiting any 
or all of these places can obtain permits at this office. 

THE CITY ARMORY. 

The old City Armory, or Arsenal, is situated at the 
junction of Elm and White streets, extending 84 feet on 
Elm and 131 feet on White street. The edifice is so con- 
structed that, in case of any popular tumult, it could be 
defended by a garrison of fifty men. The ground floor is 
used as a gun room, and the upper room for drilling. 
The style of the architecture is a kind of gothic, with 
castellated towers. This arsenal contains a portion of the 
artillery of the first division of the New York State Militia. 
The new Arsenal is situated on the corner of Thirty-fifth 
street and Seventh avenue, and is a much larger edifice. 

THE CUSTOM HOUSE, 

Occupying the building which was formerly the Merchants' 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 121 

Exchange, is located between Wall street, Exchange Place, 
William and Hanover streets. The material employed in 
its construction is blue Quincy granite, and it is character- 
ized b}^ fine proportions and massive substantial appear- 
an('(\ Its dimensions are on such a scale as to produce a 
fine architectural effect, being in length 200 feet ; in width, 
from 144 to 171; while it has an elevation of 77 feet at the 
cornice, and 124 at the top of the dome. The portico of 
eighteen Ionic columns, which graces its front, imparts to 
it an imposing effect. The interior of the building fully 
sustains the impression ; for, besides the numerous apart- 
ments set apart to various uses, it contains a rotunda in 
the centre, surmounted by a lofty dome, which is sup- 
ported in part by eight Corinthian columns of Italian 
marble. This rotunda is capable of containing 3,000 per- 
sons. Its entire cost, including the ground, was over 
$1,800,000. The architect was Isaiah Rogers; and it was 
built on the site of the old Exchange, destroj^ed by the fire 
of 1835. The original stockholders lost every penny of 
their investment, it having been sold to other hands to 
defray the mortgage held by the Barings of London. 

THE UNITED STATES TREASURY AND ASSAY OFFICE, 

On the corner of Wall and Nassau streets is a splendid 
building, constructed in the Doric order of Grecian archi- 
tecture. It is built in the most substantial manner, of 
white marble, something after the model of the Parthenon 
at Athens ; as a piece of masonry, it is (xpial to any 
structure extant, and to judge from appearances, likely to 
become as enduring as the Pyramids ; it occupies the site 
of the old Federal Hall. The building is 200 f<>et long, 80 
feet high ; at the southern end, on Wall street is a portico 
of eight purely Greciau columns, 34 feet in height; and on 
the northern end, on Pine street, is a corresponding portico 



122 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

of similar columns. The great business hall is a splendid 
room, 60 feet in diameter. The cost of the building, in- 
cluding the ground, was $1,195,000. 

THE OLD POST OFFICE, 

In Nassau street, between Cedar and Liberty streets, was 
formerly the Middle Dutch Church. During the war of 
the Revolution, when most of the churches were turned to 
military use by the British, this one sustained the greatest 
injuries ; which more or less, however, fell upon all. In 
1790 it received such repairs as fitted it again for public 
worship ; but it was afterwards secured by the government 
and devoted to its present use. It was in the old wooden 
steeple of this building that Franklin practiced his experi- 
ments in electricity. 

THE NEW POST OFFICE, 

Now in process of construction, and in fact very nearly 
completed, on a site situated at the southern end of the 
City Hall Park, promises to be the finest structure of the 
kind in the United States. 

The style of architecture is the pure French Renais- 
sance. It is three stories high, surmounted by a Mansard 
roof, marked by a centre pavilion four stories high. The 
pavilion in front will be 160 feet high, and the building 
facing the City Hall will be 320 feet in length. The first 
story will be 22 feet high, composed of arched openings, 
supported upon square piers ; the second will be 18 feet 
high, and the third 16. The style of the building is that 
of the Tuilleries and the Hotel de Ville. The building 
will display the following statues: America, Commerce, In- 
dustry, Washington, Franklin, Justice, History, Peace, 
Strength, Truth, Genius of the Arts, Virtue, Honor, Liter- 
ature, Mechanics, Genius of Science, Agriculture, and 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 12:J 

Navigation. The public corridor is 25 feet wide, and 600 
feet in length, entered from Broadway and Park Row. 
The Building will be completed, it is claimed, during the 
present winter, though from present appearances it is not 
likely to be entirely finished under a twelve-month. Clocks 
are to be placed at various points around the building, for 
the accommodation of the public. 

POST OFFICE EEGULATIONS. 

Money order Department, Nassau street corner Liberty : 
office hours, 10 a. m., to 3 p. m. No letter is sent from this 
office to places within the United States, unless the postage 
is prepaid })y stamps. Inland postage upon single letters 
(half an ounce and under) is three cents, and for every addi- 
tional half ounce or less, there is an additional charge of 
one single postage. City letters must also be prepaid (two 
cents) hy stamps^ for every half ounce. The Mails close as 
follows : 

Philadelphia Mail., 5 a. m., and 4:30 p. m. 
Northern " 5 a. m., 2 and 4 p. m. 

Eastern " 5:30 a. m., 1:30 and 6 p. m. 

Southern " 7 a. m., and 6 p. m. 

Western " 5 a. m., and 4 p. m. 

THE GRAND CENTRAL RAILWAY STATION. 

This magnificent structure, the largest of its kind, and 
incomparably the most elegant in the country, the most com- 
plete, and the best adapted for its purposes of any in the 
world, is a noble and fit monument to the foresight of its 
eminent projector, and is well worth a visit and careful 
inspection l)y any stranger. 

The building, which has an average height of 60 feet, 
extends from Forty-second street to Forty-fifth street, 692 feet ; 



124 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

and from Fourth avenne to a new street on the west side, which 
runs from Forty- second to Forty-fifth street, 240 feet. On 
three sides the walls are of brick, with iron trimmings. The 
Forty-fifth street front is cast iron. The roof is wrought iron 
supported by semi-circular trusses 199 feet span, and has a 
clear height of 90 feet, covered with galvanized iron, and glass. 
The building is in the Renaissance style of architecture, and 
is supplied with every necessary appointment. 

The ground floor on the Forty-Second street front is occu- 
pied by the New Haven Company, for waiting and baggage 
rooms ; the side on the new street by the Harlem and Hudson 
E-iver Companies for the same purposes ; the trains entering 
at the Forty-fifth street front. The second story furnishes 
business ofiices for the three companies. 

Passengers for the trains are admitted by way of the 
waiting rooms. City horse-cars are admitted to the depot on 
the arrival of trains, for the accommodation of passengers. 

THE PUBLIC MARKETS. 

There is little to be seen at any of the markets of the 
city to interest the stranger. The two principal markets, 
Washington and Fulton, are a couple of tumble-down 
shanties, encumbered with every nuisance which it is pos- 
sible to concentrate around a market. If, however, the visitor 
should be interested in farm produce, and would like to see 
such quantities of it as he probably never dreamed of, he 
is recommended to rise early some Saturday morning and 
go down to Washington Market. Go all through both the 
regular and outside markets ; then go around the intersect- 
ing streets for half a mile each way and count, if he can, 
the farmers' wagons he will find there, loaded down with 
produce ; then let him calculate the quantity, and imagine 
where there are people enough to eat it all. 



PUBLIC WORKS. 



THE CROTON AQUEDUCT, 

By wliicli the city is supplied with pure water, is one of 
the most gigantic enterprises of the kind ever undertaken 
in any country. The distance which the water travels 
through this artificial channel, exclusive of the grand reser- 
voir, is about 40 miles. The Dam crosses the Croton 
River six miles from its mouth, and the whole distance 
from this dam, thirty-two miles, is one unbroken under- 
ground canal, formed of stone and brick. The cost of this 
immense undertaking was over $13,000,000. The great re- 
ceiving reservoir is in the Central Park, five miles from 
the City Hall ; it can receive a depth of water to the ex- 
tent of twenty feet, and is capable of containing 150,000,000 
gallons. Two miles further on is the distributing reservoir, 
at Murray Hill. This one is of solid masonry, built in 
the Egyptian style of architecture, with massive buttresses 
and hollow granite walls. On the top of the wall is an 
enclosed promenade. 

During the past few 3^ears the works have been 
thoroughly examined and repaired from the Croton Dam 
to the receiving reservoir, at an immense cost. In connec- 
tion with this a topographical survey of the valley of the 
Croton was efi'ected, by which it appears that the ridge 
defining the waters above the point at which the Aqueduct 
begins, measures 101 miles. Within this circuit there are 
31 lakes and ponds; and the aggregate area of waters. 



126 PUBLIC WORKS. 

including the tributaries, is 352 square miles ; which is equal 
to 96,034 gallons per square mile, during the dryest season. 

Among the improvements now contemplated in these 
colossal works, is the erection of still another immense 
reservoir, in the north-eastern part of the city, provided 
with a high column of water (pumped up by steam) in order 
to increase the pressure in the pipes of the division where 
the present head of water is ineffective, owing to the alti- 
tude of the ground. 

The great Receiving Reservoir cost $2,250,000, and is 
located at York Hill, in the Central Park, between 
Eighty-fifth and Ninety-seventh streets. The gate-houses 
are built in the outer reservoir bank, and at the ends of 
the central bank. The south gate-house is located near 
Eighty- sixth street ; 83 feet long, 40 feet Avide, and 42 feet 
above the pavement of tlie bays, which are to be divided. 
Tlie masonry is very massive, and supported by buttresses 
4 feet wide and 16 feet high. The north gate- house will 
be 72 feet by 40, and corresponds with the others so far 
as relates to distribution. 

HIGH BRIDGE. 

This most important structure, connected with the Cro- 
ton Aqueduct, is situated at the distance of about eight 
miles from the City Hall. It is thrown across the Harlem 
valley and river. It spans the whole width of the valley 
and river at a point where the latter is 620 feet wide, and 
the former a quarter of a mile. Eight arches, each with 
a span of 80 feet, compose this structure ; and the eleva- 
tion of the arches gives 100 feet clear of the river from 
their lowor side. Besides these there are several other 
arches rising from tlu^ ground, the span of which is some- 
what more tlian half that of the first mentioned. The 
material employed throughout the whole of this imposing 



PUIU.TO WOKKS. 127 

object is granite. Tlie works cost !t^9U0,000. The water is 
led over this bridge, wliich is 1,453 feet in extent, in iron 
pipes ; and over all is a pathway which, though wide 
enough for carriages, is available to pedestrians only. It 
can be reached pleasantly and expeditiously by the Harlem 
Railroad, or in summer by the Third avenue horse cars, 
and steamboat from Harlem. The sail up the Harlem on the 
little steamer is a very clKirming one. The surrounding- 
scenery is line, and the Bridge is constantly in view. 

If we go by water, we shall pass the old-fashioned 
tavern and grounds of McComb's Dam — once a favorite 
halting place with the owners of fast teams, but of late 
given up to the training of prize fighters, ei al., and long 
since cast in the shade by the more opulent and fashion- 
able houses on the other side of the stream. As we pro- 
ceed up the river, the banks on either side grow more 
bold and precipitous, and a single turn in our course gives 
us a full view of High Bridge itself. 

On the lofty banlv at the lower extremity of the bridge 
is situated a restaurant, whose saloons are, in pleasant 
weather, thronged with gentlemen and ladies refreshing 
themselves after their drives. The grounds in the rear 
include an orchard and handsome gardens, while verdant 
lawns slope steeply to the waters edge. 

THE EAST RIVER BRIDGE. 

This long-needed means of additional facilities of commu- 
nication witli its principal suburb, is now in a fair way of 
being realized by the City of New York. The new bridge 
will be of more importance, perhaps, to Brooklyn than to 
New York, if we regard them as distinct cities ; but, in fact, 
Brooklyn is as much a part of New York as Harlem is. 
More than 100,000 of its mal(^ inhabitants cross over the 
ferries to New York every day to their business ; their 



128 PUBLIC WORKS. 

bedrooms and business being much nearer together than 
they would be if they lived above Twentieth street in New 
York City. The day is probably not far distant when the 
two cities will be incorporated under one government. 

The work on the bridge is progressing rapidly. The 
abutments on both sides already tower above the surround- 
ing objects. The landing place on the New York side will be 
in the vicinity of the City Hall Park. The Brooklyn ter- 
minus will be in the vicinity of the corner of Sands and 
Fulton streets. It is not expected that the bridge will be 
completed under five years. 

HARLEM BRIDGE. 

The new Harlem Bridge, which is built of iron, is a 
rather clumsy looking structure, and has cost the counties 
of New York and Westchester about double what it should 
have done ; but it is certainly an immense improvement 
over the rickety old wooden affair which it superseded. 
Just above it is the railroad bridge, over which almost 
constantly trundle the trains of the Harlem E-iver and 
New Haven Railroads. 

At this point and vicinity, both above and below the 
bridges, a large number of boats and little smacks are 
constantly moored in the fishing season, and a pleasant 
row on the smooth bosom of tlie delightful little river 
may be enjoyed at a small expense. These, with the 
expansive water view looking toward the mouth of the 
stream, with the salt, seaweedy smell of tlie tides as they 
wash through the long grasses of the flats, serve to render 
the place picturesque and agreeable, and thousands seek 
the vicinity, by boat and rail, on holidays and summer 
Sundays. 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 



The traveler who comes to the city by way of the East 
River will not fail to notice the elegant and extensive 
public buildings on Ward's, Randall's, and Blackwell's 
Islands, opposite the upper end of the island. These are 
all city institutions, such as Alms-houses, Hospitals, Nur- 
series, Penitentiary, Idiot Asylum, Insane Asylum, Ine- 
briate Asylum, Prisons, etc., etc. 

They are all under the direction of the Department of 
Charities and Correction. Office, N. W. corner of Third 
avenue and 11th street. 

Any stranger who may wish to visit either or all of 
these institutions, must call at the office of the Depart- 
ment, where he can obtain a pass, and learn on what 
day, and how, he can reach the particular institution. 

BLACKWELL'S ISLAND. 

A visit to the several establishments on this island will 
well repay any one interested in the efforts for ameliorating 
human suffering. There are on the island the Peniten- 
tiary, with its 500 to 1,000 convicts, the Alms-house, Hos- 
pital, the Lunatic Asylum, and the New Work-house — 
which last is one of the most complete edifices in the 
country. It is built of stone taken from the quarries of 
the island. It is a very spacious building, being capable 
of holding about 600 persons ; all its internal arrangements 
are very complete. The humane object of this institution 



130 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 

is to separate vagrants from criminals, and to compel all to 
work who are able to do sometliing towards tlieir own sup- 
port. The building, whicli is 325 feet in length, cost about 
$100,000. Tliere are various modes of conveyance tliither, — 
by the Second or Tliird avenue cars, and by steamer which 
leaves foot of Twenty-seventh street, East River. 

RANDALL'S ISLAND. 

Here are the nurseries for tlie support and instruction of 
destitute children. This institution is the most interesting 
of all, and commends itself to the sympathies of all who 
would become acquainted with the benevolent agencies of 
New York city. There are usually to be seen here, in the 
several institutions, frq;n 4,000 to 5,000 persons young and old. 

THE BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, 

Is situated on the Bloomiugdale Road, at a distance of about 
seven miles from the City Hall. It occupies a most beau- 
tiful and commanding site, and its approach and surroundings 
are admirably htted to lighten the sense of depression and 
gloom which we instinctively associate with every establish- 
ment of the kind. The treatment administered to its unfort- 
unate inmates, too, is of the most enlightened, humane and ra- 
tional sort. The principal building is 211 feet in length, 60 
in depth, and four stories in height, with side buildings. 

The approach to the Asylum from the southern entrance, 
by the stranger who generally associates the most sombre 
scenes with a lunatic hospital, is highly pleasing. The sud- 
den opening of the view, the extent of the grounds, the 
various avenues gracefully winding through so large a lawn, 
the cedar hedges, the fir and other ornamental trees tastefully 
distributed or grouped, and the variety of shrubbery and 
flow^ers, presents a charming picture not often to be found 
in connection with institutions of this nature. 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS, 131 

The central building is always open to visitors ; and the 
view from the top of it, being the most extensive and beau- 
tiful of any in the vicinity of the city, is well worthy of their 

attention. 

THE NEW YORK JUVENILE ASYLUM, 

A stone edifice, situated near High Bridge, is a home and 
reformatory for neglected children. The asylum by its char- 
ter becomes the legal guardian of all such children as may 
be committed to it by the voluntary act of their parents or 
by the precept of a police magistrate. The institution owes 
its origin to Dr. J. E. Russ of this city, so favorably known 
for his exertions in establishing the New York Institution 
for tlie Blind. The success of the institution has been 
largely promoted by A. R. Wetmore, Esq., who has been 
its ]n-esident and financier almost from its organization. It 
occupies about 20 acres of ground, which is in part cul- 
tivated by the children who, during their stay in the asylum, 
are instructed in all the branches of a common school educa- 
tion. As soon as their improvement will warrant tlieir 
removal they are sent to the Great West and indentured, 
where, in a few years, instead of being drawn into the vortex 
of crime as they almost inevitably would have been, if left 
unprotected in our streets, they will many of them become 
our law-makers and occujoy places of trust. The institu- 
tion has a house of reception for 200 children, in West 
Thirteenth street. All children when first committed must 
remain in this house ten days to afford their parents an 
opportunity of reclaiming them. The two buildings can 
accommodate about 700. Take Hudson River railroad or 
Hanhattanville stages to Fort AVashington or High Bridge. 

THE NEW YORK ORPHAN ASYLUM, 

Situated in Bloomingdah? near Eightieth street, comprises a 
fine buikling 120 feet bv 00, and nine acres of ground laid 



132 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 

out with much taste. These grounds command a splendid 
.view of the Hudson and East Rivers, with the surrounding 
scenery. There are in this institution about 200 orphans. 
The institution was incorporated by charter in 1807, and its 
present edifice was completed in 1840. It is a most praise- 
worthy institution, and a very interesting one to visit. 

THE MAGDALENE ASYLUM, 

Situate west of the Harlem Railroad, on Eighty-eighth street, 
near Fifth avenue. This praiseworthy institution, as its 
name indicates, has been established for the recovery and 
restoration of fallen and distressed females. It is well sus- 
tained ; and by the self-sacrificing labors of the benevolent, 
has been productive of great good. 

THE ASYLUM FOR AGED INDIGENT FEMALES 

Is located in Twentieth street, near Second avenue. Its title 
indicates sufficiently the object of the institution, which is 
both well filled and well sustained. 

THE INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND 

Is on Ninth avenue, between Thirty -third and Thirty-fourth 
streets, occupying thirty-two lots of ground presented by 
James Boorman, Esq. The edifice is of granite and of 
the Gothic order of architecture. It owes it origin mainly 
to Dr. J. D. Russ, whose attention was directed to the sight- 
less condition of a large number of the children in the City 
Alms-house. Moved by the spectacle he determined to 
devote himself to their relief, and for that purpose took seven 
children from the Alms-house and gratuitously instructed 
them for nearly two 3^ears, and finally obtained the passage 
of an Act by the Legislature for their support. In this 
effort he was ably sux>ported by Samuel Wood, a well 
known member of the Society of Friends, and Dr. Samuel 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 138 

Akerly, distinguished for his zeal and labors in behalf of 
the Institution for the deaf and dumb. Here also the usual 
branches of education are taught, and the pupils are in- 
structed in the several useful arts of life. It is an exceed- 
ingl}^ useful object to visit, as is also the Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum. The institution is open to visitors on week days 
from 1 to 6 p. m., and may be conveniently reached by the 
Eighth or Ninth avenue railroads. 

THE INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 

This noble and well-conducted asylum is situated at 
Fanwood, Washington Heights, on 162d street, which is 
reached by means of the Hudson River railroad. The prin- 
cipal building measures 110 feet by 60, and is five stories 
high. It is capable of accommodating from 200 to 300 pupils, 
exclusive of the principals and teachers, etc. It is one of 
tlie best-endowed institutions of benevolence in New York, 
being sustained by apj)ropriations made by the State Legis- 
lature, by the City Corporation, and private benefactions. 
The pupils are instructed in the ordinary branches of learn- 
ing, and some of them in the various trades. Open to the 
public from half-past 1 to 4 p. m., every day, 

THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, 

In the Five Points, near Centre and Pearl streets. Placed 
in the very midst of squalid poverty and crime, this excellent 
charity has achieved great results in rescuing and reclaiming 
the youtli of vicious parentage. Mr. Pease's institution 
dates back only to 1848, yet thus far has its progress been 
incomparably the most successful of any of the numerous 
noble charities of New York. Persevering through number- 
less difficulties Mr. Pease at length has achieved a great 
success in his laudable endeavors. He has now from 100 to 
200 inmates, rescued from the ])urlieus of vice and poverty, 



134 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 

hopefully engaged in his House of Industry. Since its foun- 
dation several hundred wo:nen have been sent out to places in 
the country. By his economical plan, the major part of the 
expenses of the establishment have been defrayed by the 
productive labor of the inmates. 

THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY AND HOME FOR THE 
FRIENDLESS 

Is located on Thirtieth street, between Fourth and Madison 
avenues. It is under the direction of a society devoted to 
the protection of deserted children, and adult persons who 
may be in distress. This association has largely contributed 
to the relief of the poor and destitute of the city, — in one 
year it relieved and provided with places over 600 young 
and old. The society publishes a paper semi-monthly, en- 
titled The Ad'oocdte and Guardian^ which has a circulation 
of about 15,000 copies ; it has also published over 10,000 

tracts, etc. 

THE LEAKE AND WATTS ORPHAN HOUSE 

Was founded in 1827, by a legacy of Mr. J. G. Leake. It is 
located on the block bounded by Ninth and Tenth avenues 
and 111th and 112th streets. The income of the institution is 
able to support tAvo or three hundred orphans. 

THE SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF POOR WIDOWS WITH 
SMALL CHILDREN, 

Was organized in 1797, by the efforts of the late Mrs. 
Isabella Cxraham. Its average number of persons relieved 
annualy is about 200 widows and 500 cliildren. 

THE NEW YORK DISPENSARIES. 
These are associations for giving medicine and medical ad- 
vice to the poor. The Northern Dispensary, situated on the 
corner of Christoplier and Sixth streets, was founded in 1829; 
and the Eastern Dispensaiy, on the corner of Ludlow street 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 135 

and Essex Market Place, was instituted in 1834. There is 
also a still older Dispensary, on the corner of White and 
Centre streets, established in 1795 ; and is estimated to have 
given relief to more than 100,000 patients since its iirst or- 
ganization. 

THE DEMILT DISPENSARY 

Is a tine building at the corner of the Second avenue and 
Twenty -third street which, witli the ground, cost $30,000 — 
the noble donation of the late Miss Demilt. About 3,000 pa- 
tients are annually benefited by this noble charity of a sin- 
gle benefactor. 

THE BELLEVUE HOSPITAL, 

Under the management of the Board of Commissioners of 
Charities and Correction, is located at Twenty-sixth street 
and East River. The accommodations here are also excellent. 

ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, 

At the corner of Fifth avenue and Fifty-fourth street, is an 
admirable charity institution, sustained by members of the 
Episcopal Churches of New York. 

THE SAILORS' SNUG HARBOR, 

An asylum for aged and infirm seamen, is situated on the 
north side of Staten Island. It was founded by Ca]3tain 
Randall in 1801, and incorj^orated in 1806 in New York ; the 
present noble building on Staten Island, measures 225 feet in 
length, with 160 acres of ground ; about 300 aged and dis- 
abled seamen are liere supported. Near the Quarantine 
grounds are the Seamen's Retreat for the sick, and the Home 
for Sailor's Children; also, the Marine Hospital, which is sup- 
ported by an emigrant tax of $2 on every cabin passenger 
native of a foreign country, and 50 cents for every steerage 
passenger. The fund from these sources, amounts to nearly 
$100,000 per annum. 



SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 



YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OP THE 
CITY OF NEW YORK. 

This association was organized June, 1852, for ''the im- 
provement of the spiritual, mental, social and physical con- 
dition of young men." It was designed more particularly 
for young men from the country, who came to the great city 
to enter into business. These young men are often crowded 
into uncomfortable boarding-houses, with little to make the 
evenings pass profitably or pleasantly, and easily become a 
prey to those who are ever on the alert to lead young men 
into evil. The association carried on its work quietly, but 
successfully, in obscure rooms until December, 1869, when 
they took possession of their spacious building on the corner 
of Twenty-third street and Fourth avenue. 

The style of the building is French Renaissance, and it is 
faced with freestone in two colors, the general ground being 
of Belleville stone of a rich purple hue, and the mouldings 
and cornices being of buff-colored Ohio freestone — a color 
nearly complimentary to the former. 

THE COOPER UNION 

Is a noble building erected by Mr. Peter Cooper, of New 
York, and is devoted to the "moral, intellectual, and phy- 
sical improvement of his countrymen." The building covers 
an entire block on Third avenue. Fourth avenue. Seventh 
and Eighth streets. It is in the immediate vicinity of the 



SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. " 137 

new Bible House, the Astor Library, the Mercantile Library, 
and the rooms of various literary and scientific societies. 
In the basement is a large lecture-room ; and this, and also 
tlie first and second stories, which are arranged for stores 
and offices, are rented so as to provide a revenue to meet 
tlie annual expenses of the institute. The institute proper, 
or the "Union," commences with the second story, in which 
are the reading rooms and library. On the tliird and fourth 
stories are located the schools of science and ai-t. The cost 
of the building has been $030,000, and the annual income 
from the rented parts is from $50,000 to $60,000. The whole 
is under the control of a board of trustees for the benefit 
of the public ; tlie course of lectures, the library, and the 
reading rooms are all free. In the munificence botli of the 
gift and the endowment, the Cooper Institute stands ns a 
monument to its noble-hearted founder more enduring than 
the pyi-amids. The School of Design, for women, has rooms 
in this buikiing. Term, from October to June with accom- 
modation for about 150 students. Here also may be found 
Dr. Colton's establishment for the administering of nitrous- 
oxide or laughing gas, and the extraction of teeth under its 
influence. This, one of the most marvelous discoveries of 
modern times, was the original idea of Dr. Wells, of Bos- 
ton, a noted dentist, but to Dr. Colton is due the honor 
of having been the first to put the discovery to a practical 
use. Since 1863, when he first established himself here, he 
has administered the gas to some seventy thousand patients, 
and that, witliout experiencing a single accident. 

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. 

The Independent Order of Odd Fellows number in New 
York city about 90 lodges, and about 12 encampments, 
including thousands of members ; many of the lodges have 
fine halls in various parts of this city and the neighboring 



138 SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 

cities of Brooklyn, Williamsburgli, Jersey City, etc.; but 
the grand rendezvous of the order is the large brown stone 
building at the corner of Grand and Centre streets, erected at 
a cost of $125,000. This imposing edifice presents a noble 
appearance, being substantially built, lofty and surmounted 
by a dome. It contains a series of highly ornamented lodge- 
rooms, richly furnished and in different styles of architecture, 
some Egyptian, Grecian, Elizabethan, etc. These elegant 
apartments are well worthy a visit. The average receipts of 
the association which owns this edifice is about $75,000 
annually. Their distribution in the form of benefactions to 
the sick and poor is on a scale of corresponding liberality. 

THE AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 

Founded in 1842. The first President of this Society was the 
late Albert Gallatin, formerly Secretary of the Treasury, etc., 
who held the office until his death in 1846. The object of the 
Society is "the prosecution of inquiries into the origin, pro- 
gress and characteristics of the various races of men." This 
Society has collected a large amount of materials, and has 
published three volumes of Transactions. 

THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY BUILDING, 

Which is approached from Broadway tlirough Astor Place, 
occupies three-fourths of an acre of ground, bounded by 
Third and Fourth avenues, and Eighth and Ninth streets. 
The form of this gigantic edifice is nearly triangular. It is 
the propert}" of the American Bible Society. This imposing 
looking edifice, which is substantiall}^ built of brick, with 
stone facings, cost nearly $300,000. The principal entrance, 
which is on the Fourth avenue, has four columns surmounted 
by a cornice. In the fourth story is a stone figure represent- 
ing Religion holding a Bible. 

The receipts of the Society, at the first year of its 



SOCTETTES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 139 

organization in 1816-17, were Jj^37, 779, 035 ; its receipts since 
tlien amount to about 85,()()0,000. It lias put in circulation 
about nine millions of Bibles and Testaments, and given some 
$500, OOO to various missionary stations to aid in the publica- 
tion of the Holy Scriptures. It has supplied thousands 
of seamen and criminals with copies, as well as distributed 
hundreds of thousands to private families, hotels, etc., in 
ev(^ry part of the United States. It lias produced editions of 
the Bibl(% or portions of it, in about twenty-four different 
dialects, and aided in issuing it in others. 

THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 

Established upwards of half a century, have a noble edifice 
on the corner of Eleventh street and Second avenue. It is 
an elegant fire-proof structure, built of yellow sandstone from 
the province of New Brunswick, and is splendidly fitted up. 
Its literary collections consist of rare and valuable books 
jiertaining to the history and antiquities of the country ; also 
medals, coins, maps, engravings, etc. The library com])rises 
about 20,000 volumes. There is a fine picture gallery in the 
uppermost story ; the library hall, lecture room, and various 
offices are characterized bj^ great architectural beauty. Re- 
cently there have been added a fine collection of Nineveh 
marbles, presented by James Lenox, Esq., and Dr. Abbott's 
Egyptian collection (obtained by liberal subscription), one 
of the most valuable museums of Egyptian antiquities in 
th<^ world. It contains several hundred relics collected 
with great care and industry by the learned Dr. Abbott, 
during a residence of twenty 3^ears on the banks of the 
Nile. Here are to be seen mummied mem and (inadrupeds, 
the slates of the school-boys in Pharaoh's time, and the 
remains of the ]ani])s that were used to lighten the dark- 
ness of Egy])t. Many of the objects here are three thou- 
sand years old. 



140 SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN. 

The new building for the National Academy of Design, 
on the corner of Twenty-third street and Fourth avenue, 
is one of the most remarkable structures in the city. Prin- 
cipally so, because it is the most prominent example thus 
far set before the public of the effort now being made to 
revive the Gothic architecture of the thirteenth century in 
its true spirit, and adapt it to our own circumstances, mate- 
rials, and necessities. The public have, unfortunately, been 
led to call it Venetian Gothic ; and, from its similarity in 
proportion and the fact that the upper story is decorated 
with diagonal lines of color introduced into the wall itself, 
and has no windows, to suppose that it is a copy of 
the famous Ducal Palace. But a careful examination, in 
comparison with a good photograph of that building, will 
dispel the delusion. 

The carvings on the capitals of the first and second 
stories are well worthy of careful examination, and are 
more particularly remarkable from the fact that they are 
almost entirely designed by the men who carved them, and 
are the result of careful study from natural leaves and 
llowers. The work of the architect, in connection with 
this decorative work, consisted principally of instructions 
given to the workmen in tlie art of design applied to their 
own work. 

The fronts of the buildings are built of white Winches- 
ter county marble, banded with gray-wacke. The orna- 
mented iron work of the exterior is worthy of careful at- 
tention, being entirely wrought out on the anvil. The 
main entrance-gates are wonderful for their lightness, care- 
ful finish, and strength, being the most elaborate piece of 
architectural wrought iron in this countiy. 

The building is very handsomely finished throughout 
with white pine, ash, mahogany, oak, and black walnut ; 



SOCIETIES AXD ASSOCIATIONS. 141 

IK) ]ialnt being used, but all the woods showing their 
natural gTain. 

The grand staircase approaching the galleries is of solid 
oak, trimmed with walnut, finished in wood on the under 
as well as upper sides. 

The annual exhibitions of tlie Academy are held during 
the months of April, May, June, and July, during which 
time the building is open to the 2)ul)lic for a small admis- 
sion fee. The works of living artists only are exhibited, 
and no pictures are accepted that have been previously 
exhibited in New York. 

The exhibition of the Artists' Fund Society is generally 
held in the galleries of the Academy, and takes place in 
November and December annually. It is a noble charity, 
devoted to the relief of sick and j^oor artists. 

THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 

Is a society of scientihc men, formed for the study of 
natural history. Its rooms are in Fourteenth street, near 
the Fourth avenue. It possesses a good library, and a 
large museum of minerals, plants, and specimens of natu- 
ral history. It is accessible to the public. 

THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUIVI OF ART, 

For which an imposing edifice is now being erected in the 
Centi-al Park, on the Fifth avenue, between Eightieth and 
Eighty-fourth streets, is now temporarily located in East 
Fourteenth street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues, in 
the old Douglas mansion. Here are to be seen a fine col- 
lection of paintings by the "old masters," statuary, porce- 
lain, arms and armor, coins, engravings, and old books, 
well worthy of the attention of those who take an interest 
in these matters. The celebrated Cissnola collection of statu- 
ary, pottery, bronze instrnm.'iits, jewels, etc., excavated 



142 SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 

some years since in the island of Cyprus, from the site 
of the old Phoenecian cities that existed some centuries 
before the birth of Christ, is now the property of the 
Museum, having been purchased of the discoverer for the 
sum of $60,000, and is now on exhibition here. Admission 
on Mondays is free, on other days a small fee is exacted. 

THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION. 

Although the introduction of the rifle as a military 
weapon was owing to the lessons of our Revolution, and 
although our success in the earlier contests of our history 
depended upon the skill in its use displayed by our an- 
cestors, no recognition has been given by our citizens of 
the fact that the change which has taken place in the 
habits of the American people is rapidly depriving them 
of that personal skill in arms and marksmanship which 
has hitherto formed one of the greatest elements of our 
national strength. Other nations have long since instituted 
a thorough system of instruction in rifle practice. France, 
Germany, Switzerland, and, above all, England and Canada, 
unite in giving to rifle practice a leading position in their 
systems of military training. In the latter countries the 
success that has been attained, not only in producing good 
marksmen, but in making the subject popular among the 
people at large, has been very great. 

In this country, on the other hand, the matter has been 
entirely neglected, although our entire system of defense 
is based upon the levying of volunteers in cases of emer- 
gency, wlio, to be valuable, or even available, must under- 
stand the use of arms, and supply by their skill as individu- 
als the confldence which discipline gives to regular troops. 

This anomalous condition of affairs having excited con- 
siderable discussion among military men through the press, 
finally, on November 24, 1871, led to the formation in the 



SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 143 

City of New York of Tlie National Rifle Association, 
which Avas designed, and bids fair to be the parent of 
many siiuihir associations throughout the country. 

Th(3 Association is organized under the general act in 
in regard to clubs, which exempts the members from per- 
sonal lialnlit}^, but makes the directors liable for all debts 
not contracted on a credit of over a year. 

The annual dues of members are $3 ; the payment of 
$25 constituting a life membership, free from all other dues 
or assessments. 

Rifle associations or military organizations (outside the 
limits of the first and second division districts of the 
National Guard), by paying not less than $25 are entitled 
to a membership for every $1.50 paid, and to have the 
reports of their matches published in the annual report of 
the Association. 

The work of selecting grounds of a sufficient extent for 
a range which should be at once cheap, safe, and conven- 
ient of access, proved no easy task. Finally a purchase 
was made of a tract of seventy acres, situated upon the 
Central Railroad of Long Island, twelve miles from Hunter' s 
Point, and witliin half an hour's ride of Thirty-fourth street 
ferry in New York City. 

These grounds are admirably adapted for the purpose 
for which they have been selected. As level as a billiard 
table, they aff'ord twenty separate ranges, each of which 
can be used from one hundred to a thousand yards, and 
without the use of elevated firing stands, found necessary 
upon most English and Canadian ranges. In addition, 
ample room is left for "pool" targets, and a "running 
man," as well as for camp purposes and distance drill. 



LIBRARIES. 



THE ASTOR LIBRARY, 

Lafayette Place, one block east of Broadway, owes its ex- 
istence to the noble bequest of its founder, John Jacob 
Astor, Esq., who, in a codicil to his will, appropriated the 
sum of $400,000 for its establishment and maintenance. 
According to the provisions of the bequest, $75,000 was 
the sum authorized to be applied for the erection of the 
building ; $120,000 for the purchase of books ; and the 
residue of the $400,000 to be invested in real estate on 
bond or mortgages, the interest of which is to be applied 
to defray the expenses of maintaining the Library. 

The entire collection of books amounts to 140,0(0 vol- 
umes. The whole value of the estate is about $1,250,000. 
The real value of the collection is not to be estimated by 
its numerical extent or its pecuniary cost, but by its in- 
trinsic value of its books. In this respect the Astor 
Library takes precedence of all others in tliis country. 
It is frequented by a class of readers principally composed 
of students and professional men, but it is also free to all, 
without exception, who desire to consult the rare and valu- 
able works to be found in its alcoves, in every department 
of science and literature. The Library continues steadily 
to increase. Particular attention is paid to technology ; 
American history is v<?ry full, and in linguistic works it is 
unsurpassed by au}^ in the country. Natural science is 
fully represejited, and, in short, in magnliicent provision 



LTBPwVr.IES. 145 

for tlie intellectual development of tlie great public it is 
doubtful whether it is second to any on the continent. 
During the past few months there have been extensive ad- 
ditions to the Library. Rare and valuable classical works, 
works on history, travel, arclia3ology, and recent publica- 
tions in French, English, and Latin have been purchased. 
The accessions to the scientific department, consisting of 
mathematics, astronomy, mechanics, agriculture, engineer- 
ing, botany, and architecture, have been selected with much 
discrimination ; and the departments embracing works of 
reference in medicine, geology, natural history, theology, 
chemistry, etc., are now valuably supplied. There is also 
a large collection of magazines, bound newspapers (foreign 
and domestic), maps, charts, ancient illuminated books, 
historical annuals, and American and European official 
documents going back to remote dates, which show the 
variety of sources which have been drawn upon by tlie 
trustees since the establishment of the Library. 

THE SOCIETY LIBRARY 

Is located at 67 University Place, east side, between Twelftli 
and Thirteenth streets. It is, perhaps, the oldest public 
library in the United States. It was incorporated in the 
year 1700 under the name of "The Public Library of New 
York." In 17o4 its corporate name was changed to "The 
New York Society Library." The building, which belongs 
to the Society, is about 50 feet front, very plain and un- 
pretentious, but being designed for the library is well 
adapted to its purpose. The number of volumes in this 
library is about 45,000 ; some of them are very rare. The 
library is open week days, from 8 A. M. till sunset, and 
the reading rooms until 10 P. M. Twenty-five dollars is 
the fee for mcmlx-rsliip, aud six dollars per annum the 
dues. 



146 COLLEGES AND SEMINAEIES. 

MERCANTILE LIBRARY 

Occupies the Clinton Hall building in Astor Place, Eiglitli 
street. This noble establishment comprises a fine library, 
and reading room. Its literary collections number up- 
wards of 150,000 volumes, in the several departments of 
general knowledge, including also a valuable series of 500 
periodical works, unsurpassed by any other institution. 
The number of books circulated each year is about 275,000. 
The number of its members at the present time exceeds 
10,000. This institution, originally established for the use 
of clerks, has been since thrown open to the public on 
payment of the subscription, $5 per annum. 

THE APPRENTICES' LIBRARY, 

Containing about 50,000 volumes, for the use of youthful 
apprentices, is in the Mechanics' Hall, 472 Broadway, near 
Grand street. 



COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES. 

THE COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 

In Twenty -third street, corner of Lexington avenue, was 
established in 1848, by the Board of Education of the City 
of New York, in pursuance of an act passed May 7, 1847, 
for the purpose of providing higher education for such 
pupils of the common schools as may wish to avail them- 
selves thereof. The college is under the general superin- 
tendence of the Board of Education ; but it is specially 
under the supervision of an Executive Committee, for its 
care, government, and management, appointed by the 
Board. All its expenses for instruction, apparatus, library, 



COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES. 147 

cabinet, collections, books, and stationery, are paid out of 
tlie public treasury. 

The students are admitted in annual classes, and tlie 
full course of study embraces live years. 

The Board of Education is authorized by law to confer 
for the usual collegiate degrees on the recommendation of 
the faculty. 

Graduates may become ''Resident Graduates," and 
continue their studies at oj)tion. The academical studies 
during term time, continue daily (except Saturday and 
Sunday). 

THE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 

Is located on the east side of Washington Square, and 
forms a noble architectural ornament, being of the English 
collegiate style of architecture. The University was estab- 
lished in 1831, and has ever maintained its high reputa- 
tion. It has a chancellor, and a corps of professors in 
the various departments of learning. There is also a gram- 
mar school connected with the institution ; also, a valuable 
library, philosophical apparatus, etc. Tlie edifice is of 
marble, and presents a very beautiful appearance as seen 
through the thick foliage of the park. The great central 
gotliic window lights the chapel of the University ; divine 
service is held here every Sunday at the usual hours. The 
principal entrance is by the centre door, up a flight of mar- 
ble steps. In the upper parts of the building are several 
chambers and offices occupied by various societies, literary 
persons and artists. 

COLUMBIA COLLEGE, 

Originally chartered by George II, in 1754, under the title 
of King's College, till within a short period stood in Park 
Place. In 1784 its name was clian2:ed to Columbia 



148 COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES. 

College. Alexander Hamilton, John Randolph of Roanoke, 
De Witt Clinton, and many others of the leading men of 
this country have been among its graduates. In 1857 the 
college was removed to its present site, on Forty- ninth 
street, near the Fifth avenue. It has a president and 
twelve professors ; a choice library of rare classical works, 
of about 18,000 volumes, museum, etc. A grammar school 
is attached to the institution, over which a professor pre- 
sides as rector. 

COLLEGE OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER. 

This institution, situated on Fifteenth street, between 
Fifth and Sixth avenues, was founded in 1850. With its 
grammar school it contains about four hundred pupils. 
The library contains about 25,000 volumes. 

MANHATTAN COLLEGE. 

This newly incorporated university is situated at Man- 
hattanville. 

THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 

Is situated 'No. 9 University Place, between Waverly Place 
and Eighth street. The principal edifice comprises four 
large lecture rooms, chapel, and library of 16,000 volumes; 
also, studies and other rooms for students. It has six 
professors, and usually about one hundred students. It 
was founded 1836. 

THE GENERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 

Of the Episcopal Church is situated in Twentieth street, 
corner of Ninth avenue, near the Hudson, two miles from 
the City Hall. There are two handsome buildings of 
stone, for the accommodation of professors and students. 
The Board of Trustees consists of all the bishops, and one 



COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES. 149 

trustee from each diocese in the United States. The insti- 
tution is well endowed and in a flourishing condition. 

COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 

This is a handsome edifice, corner of Twentj^-third street 
and Fourth avenne. It was founded in 1807, has eight 
professors and about two liundred students. There is a 
small library hero of about 1,500 volumes, and an anatom- 
ical museum, accessible to the public. 

NT:W YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE, 

Is located at No. 90 East Thirteenth street. It was char- 
tered in 1850, and is devoted to the instruction of young 
medical practitioners. It possesses a valuable anatomical 
museum, chemical laboratory, etc. There is also in this 
building the College of Pharmacy. 

UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE 

Is connected with the New York University, but is located 
at the Bellevue Hospital, at the foot of East Twenty-sixth 
street. It ranks among the highest medical schools, and 
graduates a large class every year. 

THE NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL 
FOR WOMEN 

Is located at 187 Second avenue, and graduates a class of 
female physicians every year. 



CHURCHES. 



It is estimated tliat there are very nearly four hundred 
churches in New York City ; many of them being of great 
elegance. We annex brief notices of the more prominent 
and noteworthy. 

TRINITY CHURCH. 

Fronting Wall street, with its portal invitingly open 
every day in the year, stands Trinity Clinch, a beautiful 
temple of worship, in strange contiguity with the busy 
marts where "merchants most do congregate." It is the 
third edifice of the kind erected upon the spot, the first 
having been destroyed in the great fire of 1776. The 
second, completed in 1790, stood until 1839, when it was 
taken down and the present fine gothic structure was com- 
menced. It was seven years in building, under the care- 
ful superintendence of Mr. Upjohn, the architect. The 
church is 192 feet in length, 80 in breadth, and 60 in 
height. The interior will richly repay examination. Among 
many relics there carefully preserved is an elaborate chan- 
cel service of silver, presented to the corporation by Queen 
Anne. 

The steeple towers up 284 feet in height; the walls of 
the church are nearly 50 feet high, and the whole edifice, 
both as to its exterior and interior, is regarded by most 
persons as the most elegant and cathedral -like of the 
churches in the city. 

The graveyard of Old Trinity occupies nearly an entire 
block. Within it are the venerated tombs of Alexander 



CHUECHES. 151 

namilton, the statesman and friend of Washington ; the 
heroic commander Lawrence, and many other illustrious 
public men. 

Adjoining Trinity buildings, and a few feet from Broad- 
way, stands the monumental tribute of the Corporation of 
Trinity Church to the honored "Sugar House Martyrs." Of 
finely cut and ornamented brown stone, it presents a graceful 
appearance, while it attracts the especial interest of every 
American patriot from the fact that the ground immediately 
under and around it, is rich with the ashes of our Revolu- 
tionary fathers. 

No traveler who desires to see the city should leave it 
without ascending Trinity Church steeple. In a clear day 
almost every object within a distance of from five to ten 
miles from the city is distinguishable. 

ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL, 

The third Episcopal church established in the city, was 
erected in 1766. It stands between Fulton and Vesey streets. 
On the front, in a niche of red sandstone, in the centre 
of a large pediment, supported by four Ionic columns, is 
a white marble statue of St. Paul, leaning on a sword. 
Also in the front part of the niche there is inserted a slab 
of white marble, bearing an inscription to the memory of 
General Montgomerj^, who fell at Quebec during the Revo- 
lution, and whose remains were removed to New York by 
order of the State, in 1818. At the lower side of the 
church, facing Broadway, is an obelisk of white marble, 
erected in honor of Thomas Addis Emmet, the Irish patriot 
and barrister, who died here in 1827. 

ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL. 

This is one of the associate churches of the Trinity 
Corporation. It is located opposite the Hudson River 



152 CHURCHES. 

R. R. Freiglit Depot. It is not modern in style, but 3^et 
a very noble looking edifice. It is built of sandstone, and 
is very spacious. 

In all tlie ancient cliurclies of New York City, the plan 
of a collegiate charge was the rule. The ancient Epis- 
copal Church of the city was established on this basis. 
Trinity Church was considered the parish church, and had 
a collegiate charge; St. George's, St. John's, and St. 
Paul's were called "Chapels." St. Gfeorge's is now a 
distinct charge, but the other two are still collegiate. 

GRACE CHUECH 

(Episcopal). This superb edifice, the most ornate of the 
ecclesiastical buildings of New York, is located on Broad- 
way, near Tenth street, and commands a fine view of the 
great avenue of the city, north and south. The loft spiral 
and richly decorated steeple is an object of universal ad- 
miration. There is one large and two less sized doors 
in front. Over the main entrance is a circular window of 
stained glass, and two tall, oblong, windows in each side 
of the upper section of the tower. Within is a grand 
array of pillars, carved work, and upwards of forty win- 
dows of stained glass, each giving difi'erent hues of vision. 
There is a little too much of theatrical glitter in the interior, 
to comport with the chastened solemnities of religious wor- 
ship. It was built in 1845. 

ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH 

(Episcopal). This spacious and elegant structure, the 
most capacious ecclesiastical edifice in the city, is situated 
in East Sixteenth street, opposite Stuyvesant Square. It 
was erected in 1849, and for architectural beauty is entitled 
to the first stand among religious edifices of New York. 
Its imposing exterior and vast interior, unsupported by 



cirup.cnES. 153 

any visible columns, eitlier to roof or ga'Jerj', impart to it 
a fmo elTect. Its arcliitocture is of the Byzantine order. 
Tlie ground npon Avliicli the cliurcli stands was given by 
the late Peter G. Stuyvesant. The interior of this splen- 
did church was entirely desti'oyed by lire, supposed to be 
the work of an incendiary, during the latter part of 1865, 
entailing a heavy loss on the society, as it wasbuti)artiall_y 
insured. The iine towers of red sandstone were, however, 
left intact and uninjured, as were also the massive walls 
of tlie building. The interior was accordingly lebuilt, and 
the edifice now^ surpasses, in its internal appointments, 
even its former elegance. 

ST. MARK'S CHURCH 

(Episcopal), situate in Stuyvesant street, to the east of the 
Bowery, w^as built in it.s ])resent form in 1826. 

The steeple is lofty, but somewhat venerable in appear- 
ance, which is indeed the character of the entire structure. 
The church is venerable also on account of its historic 
associations ; it stands on what was the estate of Petrus 
Stuyvesant, the last of the Butch governors, and his re- 
mains rest iu a vault under the church, over which, on 
the east side, is a tablet indicating the fact. Here also 
repose the mortal remains of the English governor. Col. 
Sloughter, and those of the American governor, Tompkins. 

THE CHURCH OF THE TRANSFIGURATION" 

Is situated on the north side of Twenty-ninth street, just 
east of Fifth avenue, and with its adjoining Chapel and 
E.(^ctory, more interesting from its quaint irregularity and 
air of seclusion than for any ai'chitectural pretensions. 
Indeed it ma}' be said to have no architecture at all. The 
original edifice was erected about twenty-five years ago, witli 
the Pcv. G. H. Houghton as Rector and a congregation of 



154 CHUECHES. 

three members. From time to time^ as tlie congregation 
increased in numbers and wealtli, additions were made, 
by appending a little chapel at this end, a porch at 
that end, and a wing at the side, until finally the 
the original building itself disappeared, and gave place to 
another equally quaint and plain. A glimmer of the 
Gothic seems to pervade the low, simple eaves, with here 
and there, in a short, slender column or two, perhaps a 
shadow of the Arabesque, or something else ; so that it is 
in vain to place the whole structure witliin the confines of 
any specific order of art. 

With its attendant buildings, the church occupies about 
ten lots on the street ; and with the row of small trees in 
front, and the little green between the buildings, and the 
iron railing enclosing them, it would seem, were it not for 
the out-door life and bustle of the near avenue, much like 
one might imagine that little church wherein Tom Pinch 
was wont to play the organ near the residence of the archi- 
tectural Pecksniff. 

The size of the interior, however, is far greater than 
one would suppose. When tlie chapel is given into the 
main body of the church, as is the custom, by means of 
folding-doors, this, with tlie interior of the wing, stretching 
soutliward to the street, affords accommodation for a mucli 
larger congregation than those of many buildings of far 
more pretentious exterior. The ceiling is very low, and 
of smooth, simple-arched oaken wood — the material of all 
the furniture. The chancel is compai^atlvely small, and 
contains, besides the altar, a font of simj^le and exquisite 
design, and of the pure Parian. The windows are small 
and narrow, and prettily stained, as are also the windows 
over the chancel recess. 

The church has recently obtained a world-wide appella- 
tion as "The Little Church around the Corner," a term 



CHURCHES. ISfi 

given to it by a neighboring clergyman, who, refusing to 
bury an actor from his own church, referred the applicants 
to this one. 

THE NEW ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL 

Is a vast edifice in the course of construction, between 
Fifty-first and Fifty-second streets, on the east side of Fiftli 
avenue, which, when completed, will be by far the most 
magnificent building in the New World. 

The structure under consideration was projected by the 
late Archbishop Hughes, who laid the corner-stone in 1858, 
during which and the following year the foundations were 
laid, and a portion of the superstructure built, when work 
was temporarily suspended. Upon the accession of Arch- 
bishop McCloskey, however, a new impetus was given to 
the work, which has been vigorously prosecuted ever 
since 

The ground occupied (extreme length, 332 feet ; general 
breadth, 132 feet, with an extreme breadth at the transepts 
of 174 feet) is the most elevated on Fifth avenue, there being 
a gradual descent both toward tlie south and toward Central 
Park on the north. The site, indeed, is singularly happy 
and fortunate for so great and imposing a structure. 

A stratum of solid rock supports the foundations. 
The first base-course is of Maine granite — the same as 
was used in the Treasury Building at the national capitol, 
and the upper surface of the foundations, upon which it 
rests, are chisel-dressed, and apparently as solid as the 
crust of the earth. 

The material above the base-course is of white marble, 
from the quarries of Pleasantville, Westchester County — a 
highly crystalline -stone, productive of very beautiful 
efiects, especially in columns and elaborations of the work. 

The style of the building is decorated Gothic— that 



156 CIIUECHES. 

which prevailed in Europe from the beginning of the thir- 
teentli centur}'' to the close of the fourteenth — and will 
constitute a judicious mean between the heaviness of the 
latter period and the over-elaboration of later times. 
Judging from the picture of the building as complete, it 
appears to be more nearly modelled upon the celebrated 
Cathedral of Cologne ; but there are also fine and correct 
exam^Dles of the same order of architecture in Rheims and 
Amiens. 

The decoration of the front (Fifth avenue) will be un- 
surpassed by any in this or any other country. There 
will be a tower and spire on each corner, each measuring 
328 feet from the ground to the summit of the cross, and 
each 32 feet square at the base, and thence to the point at 
which the form assumes the octagonal — a height of 136 
feet. The towers maintain the square form to this height, 
then rise in octagonal lanterns, 54 feet in height, and then 
spring into magnificent spires to a further elevation of 138 
feet. The towers and spires are to be ornamented with 
buttresses, niches with statues, and pinnacles so arranged 
as to disguise the change from the square to the octagon. 

The central gable, between the two towers, will be 156 
feet high. The main entrance will be richly decorated, 
flanked on either side by a large painted window, and 
embowered in carved symbols of religion. It is intended 
to have this structure completed within ten years. 

THE UNITARIAN CHUECH OF THE MESSIAH, 

Occupying a commanding site at the northwest corner of 
Thirty-fourth street and Park avenue, exhibits in its com- 
pletion many traits of simple beauty. The architecture 
may be best expressed as the Rhenish-Gothic style. It is 
built of brick, with gray sandstone trimmings, and covers a 
space, including a chapel, of 80x145 feet. The entrance 



CIIUKCHES. • 107 

on Thirty-fourth street, is of light-colored stone, elaborately 
carved, and is conceded to be a little gem as a piece of 
architecture. 

The walls of the interior, which are of plain plaster at 
present, will be decorated and painted at some future day ; 
and the ceiling is of the simple pendant order, 

CHURCH OF ALL SOULS 

(Unitarian), corner of Fourth avenue and Twentieth street 
is an eccentric and remarkable edifice, being built in the 
style of the Italian churches of the middle ages, of brick 
and delicate cream colored stone in alternate courses. 
Adjoining the church, on Twentieth street, is the parsonage. 
Included in the design is a spire or campanile 300 feet 
high, but there appears to be no likelihood of its ever 
being erected. 

THE DUTCH REFORMED CHLTICH, 

Situated on Fourth street and Lafayette Place, was built 
in 1839. Its interior is characterized by simple elegance. 
The pulpit is of white marble. The Collegiate Dutch 
Church is one of the oldest establishmeuts of the kind in 
the city. Associated with this Church Association are 
the "North Church," in Fulton street; the new and ele- 
gant Church in Fifth avenue, corner of Twenty-ninth 
street ; Ninth-street Church ; and the Church on La- 
fayette Place. 

THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, 

Situate on the east side of Washington Square, was erected 
in 1840, of rough granite. It is in the Gothic style, with 
a large centre window and two towers. Its interior is very 
finished and effective, especially the ornamental carved 
work of the organ, pulpit, etc. 



158 GKEENWOOD CJ;31ETEKY. 

THE FOURTH UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, 

This is the Rev. Dr. Chapin's. Situated on the corner 
of Fifth avenue and Forty-fiftli street. In tlie Gothic style 
with a frontage, including the towers, of 95 feet. The 
towers are 185 feet in height. The basement for Sunday- 
school, lecture-room, etc., extends under the entire church. 

ST. PAUL'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, 

On Fourth avenue, corner of Twenty-second street, is a 
magnificent edifice, built of marble, in the Romanesque 
style. The spire to this church (height 210 feet) is remark- 
able for its graceful proportions. 

THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, 

Corner of Broome and Elizabeth streets, was erected in 
1841. It is of the Gothic order, built of rough stone, with 
lintels, cornices and battlements of brown sandstone. It 
was constructed during the pastorate of the late Dr. Spencer 
H, Cone. 

THE BRICK CHURCH 

(Presbyterian) situate on the corner of Thirty- seventh 
street and Fifth avenue, is a spacious brick edifice, with a 
lofty spire. 



GREENWOOD CEMETERY 



Became a chartered institution in 1838. Its location was 
the result of a careful and extensive survey of the entire 
vicinity of New York. The enterprise, after four years of 
hard struggir>, was at lengtli placed upon a fii-m foundation. 



GliKEX\V()()l> CKMETEIIY. 159 

and the Cemetery was thrown open for interments in 
1842. From that time its liistory has been one of unin- 
terrupted ])rogress. The original enclosure of one hundred 
and seventy-five acres has swelled, by siH!cessive additions 
on tlio Avest and south, to its pres(Mit dimensions of 413 
acres. B]-oad, substantial roads, underlaid with stones and 
bordered on the declivities with paved gutters, furnish, at 
all seasons, a hard and pleasant carriage patli of many 
miles, and conduct the visitor to every ])art of the Ceme- 
ter}'. Commodious and inviting f()ot-}>aihs wind round 
(>veiy hill, and explore each dell and shady nook. The 
water of S3lvan Lake is forced by steam })ower into an 
elevated reservoir, whence it is conveyed hy pipes to differ- 
ent ])arts of the ground, to be used for irrigation and the 
supply of fountains. 

The Cemetery is entered at its northwestei-n angle from 
the Fifth avenue, and also on the southern side from the 
old road known as Martense's Lane. The original entrance 
(and for man}" yc^ars the sole (entrance) was a little south 
of what is now the mn-thwestern corner of the grounds. 
This narrow passage-way, with its simple, rustic, yet pic- 
ture^•que lodge and bell-tower, was strictly in consonance 
with the limited purpose. The increasing number of visi- 
tors and of funerals, together with various annoyances 
whicli gathered, at length, around this only ai-)proach, led 
to the opening, in IS.IO, of what is now called the Western 
Entrance. During the twelve following years, visitors 
found admission to Greenwood almost wlioU}' through 
this iiiie aj)proach — the northern gate being appi-ojjriated 
to funerals. 

The extension of the Fifth avenue, in ISGD, uj)on a 
causeway of high grade, running directly by and across 
the Western Entrance, involved the nec(^ssity of a viaduct 
at that point. The stone archway built bv the Trustees, 



160 GREENWOOD CEMETERY. 

over which the public travel passes, and through which 
visitors enter or leave the Cemetery, is a work tliat will 
compare, in solidity and beauty, with any similar structure 
in the country. This intrusion of the avenue makes a 
change of position necessary in regard to some of the build- 
ings connected with this entrance, and they were accord- 
ingly removed to the western side of the viaduct. The 
gate-house here is a handsome wooden structure, with bell- 
tower and clock, rooms for the gate-keeper and family, 
and a room for visitors. 

The Northern Entrance, commenced in 1861, was com- 
pleted in 1863, and constitutes, henceforth, the principal 
entrance to the Cemetery. It is situated at that point of 
the ground which lies nearest to the vast population of 
New York and Brooklyn, and may be reached, at any 
hour of the day, by means of the horse-cars, which start 
in constant and frequent succession, from four ferries. Its 
outer gate, closed only at night, opens upon the Fifth 
avenue, directly opposite to the termination of Twenty- 
fifth street. An approach, graded with immense labor, 
and which, in a few years, will be beautifully shaded, 
leads, by a broad and gradually widening area, to the 
grand entrance. The great gateway, which faces the north, 
is an imposing and elaborate gothic edilice, solidly con- 
structed of the best New Jersey sandstone. The passage- 
ways through the massive structure are appropriated — one 
to funerals, the other to visitors. A room for the latter to 
Test in, and lire-proof offices for the Cemetery business, 
occupy the lower part of the building. Upwards it ter- 
minates in three lofty pinnacles. The entire structure, 
Ibuilt after designs by R. Upjohn & Son, is 132 feet, 6 
inches long, and 40 feet deep. The central pinnacle is 146 
feet high. There is a bell for the passing procession, and 
a clock to strike the hours. The deep, triangular recesses 



GREENWOOD CEMI:TEKY. . 161 

of the pediments above the two gate-ways are filled in, on 
both sides, with groups of sculpture formed of Nova Scotia 
sandstone. These four groups represent, in durable mate- 
rial and strong relief, viz.: The Saviour' s Entombment ; His 
Resurrection; the Resurrection of the Widow's son, and 
Raising of Lazarus. Still higher up, on the four shields 
wliich surmount the quatre-foils, are figures in relief of 
Faith, of Hope, of Memory, and of Love. 

The entire surface of the Cemetery has been surveyed 
with trigonomxetrical precision, and has been divided into 
rectangular sections, where practicable, of three hundred 
square feet each. By reference to the field-book, in which 
these are all plotted, and where the occupied lots are duly 
entered, every foot of ground within the enclosure may be 
defined or identified with absolute certainty. As another 
result of this survey, a new and larger map has been con- 
structed, and is ready for use. The visitor may now avail 
himself of a plain and perfectly reliable chart, on which lie 
will find depicted not only numerous and various inequal- 
ities of these grounds, but all their avenues and paths 
clearly delineated and distinctly named. 

It would be difficult to make anything like an accurate 
estimate of the vast amount wliich has been expended by 
individual proprietors on the many thousand lots already 
sold. Several hundred tombs have been constructed — and 
their vaults, whether placed in side hills or sunk in tlie 
ground, are generally of massive stone-work and durable 
masonry. The side-hill tombs are in most cases fronted 
by arcliitectural facades, various in form and often beauti- 
ful. In addition to a great number of horizontal tablets, 
and small headstones, the Cemetery contains probably more 
than three thousand monuments, of marble, of sienite, or of 
sandstone. These vary greatly in magnitude and style, and 
range from forms quiU' siniphi and inexpensive, to others 



162 GREENWOOD CEMETERY. • 

of great size and costly decoration. Tlie number of inter- 
ments made in tlie Cemetery is now about 170,000. 

Since the time when, amid alternations of hope and 
discouragement, the foundations of this institution were 
laid, a great change has taken place in the public senti- 
ment of our community. It is not now necessary to urge 
the manifold evils of intramural interment, or to present 
and portray the immense superiority of rural sepulture ; 
for the former are no longer denied or doubted, and the 
latter has been practically demonstrated. The question 
may be looked upon as settled. Cities cease to endure 
within their limits the offensive and j)estilential danger. 
The pj^fj udices of early association, and even the ties of 
love and kindred, cannot longer reconcile the minds of any 
to the crowded church-yard vault. 

Already, around our Grreenwood cling the strong affec- 
tions of many thousand hearts. Here lie the parent, the 
wife, the husband, the child, the lover, and the friend, 
once dearer to the surviving mourner than all else on 
earth. Hither often those survivors come to weep and 
meditate unseen. And here, by the mouldering relics of 
what was once so dear, do they hope, at last, to lie down 
themselves. Nor are these grounds destitute of that 
broader interest which attaches itself to the names and 
memories of those who have made themselves illustrious 
by deeds of greatness or lives of goodness. Here crumble 
the frail tenements in which learning and piety, patriotism 
and courage, once made their glorious home. If the brief 
experience of the past has accomplished so much, what 
expections of the future may not safely be indulged? 
AVhat tender associations, what kindling memories, what 
inspiring thoughts, will be awakened in the breasts of those 
who, at some coming and not distant day, shall explore 
this silent city of the dead ! 



TJIE STTBITRBS. 163 

While we allow that those who ride or drive through 
the principal avennes may see and may enjoy much, it is 
still true that the pedestrian alone becomes acquainted 
with Greenwood. He only finds the cross-roads, climbs 
tlie hills, dives into the dells, and wanders at will through 
scores of sequestered and leafy ^laths. Among the hun- 
dred and twenty-five thousand graves in this Cemetery 
there is many a monument, beautiful or queer ; many an 
(epitaph, appropriate or absurd, touching or laughable ; 
many a memorial of true love and grief, as well as of 
harmless vanity and aping fashion, wliicli the great ma- 
jority of visitors never see and know nothing of. We 
would advise those who have the leisure to take one part 
at a time. Fix on a certain ^^ortion of the ground for 
the extent of a single ramble, and explore it thoroughly 
with your guide book and map. 

Visitors are admitted to the grounds every da}^, (ex- 
cepting Sundays, when lot owners only are i^rivileged,) by 
procuring passes at the office of the Cemetery, No. 30 
Broadway. Persons going to Greenwood can take either 
the Hamilton or Fulton Feny boat to Brooklyn, thence 
by the horse cars, which run every few minutes, direct to 
the Q:ate. 



TlrlE SUBURBS. 



The suburbs of New York abound iii j^'^turesque re- 
treats for the lover of rural beauty. Not only are abund- 
ant facilities rendered available to the pleasure tourist, in 
the multiplicity of modes of conveyance by land or by 
water, but the geographical position of the metropolis 



164 THE SUBUEBS. 

places within the circuit of a few miles almost every 
variety of beautiful scenery, as well as villages, towns,, 
and localities of historic interest. 

BROOKLYN. 

Brooklyn, the city of churches, the third city in point 
of population, the principal suburb of New York, contains 
more than 600,000 inhabitants ; and Brooklyn people be- 
lieve, that ere many decades elapse, their city will be 
more populoiis than New York. Brooklyn is a city of 
dwelling-houses, occupied by people who do business in 
the city of New York. It is more readily accessible to the 
lower portion of the city than the upper part of the island 
is, and house rent is cheaper. It counts among its attrac- 
tions a large number of churches, some few distinguished 
clergymen, and several mry sensational ones. It has 
a very fine opera house, several theatres, and is just 
comj^leting an art building which, for architectural beauty, 
will compare favorably with any building in the country. 
Prosj^ect Park commands far more extensive and pictur- 
esque views than are to be had at Central Park. Green- 
wood Cemetery, previously described, is one of Brooklyn's 
chief attractions. Its Mercantile Library on Montague 
street, and the Long Island Historical Library, corner of 
Court and Joralemon streets, are thriving institutions, have 
a large number of members and readers, and offer all the 
attractions common to first-class libraries. Brooklyn now 
embraces what used to be known as Williamsburg. 

THE NAVY YARD. 

This is a place of interest to many travelers, and the 
Brooklyn yard is one of the best appointed in the coun- 
try. It is located on AVallabout bay, about a mile from 
Fulton ferry. Cars from this ferry pass the yard, which 



THE .SUBURBS. 165 

is open to visitors daily from 10 A. M. to 3:30 P. M. On 
Tuesdays and Fridays visitors may be admitted on board 
the Receiving Ship. 

STATEN ISLAND 

Is a place of much attraction as a summer resort. Boats 
make the trip every hour, from Whitehall Dock near the 
Battery, to the east side of the Island, connecting with 
the Staten Island R. R. The North Shore Ferry is from 
Pier 19, E. R., to New Brighton, Port Richmond, etc. 
The scenery is exceedingly fine ; and the drives to the 
Telegraph Station, Stapleton, Richmond, New Brighton, 
with their clusters of beautiful villas and country seats, 
are full of attraction. 

HOBOKEK 

On the New Jersey shore is Hoboken, with its Elysian 
fields and pleasure grounds, the bold bluffs of Weehawken, 
the Sybil's cave, and the memorable spot of the duel 
between Colonel Burr and General Hamilton. The boats 
for Hoboken leave every few minutes, from the Barclay 
street and Christopher street ferries. 

FLUSHING. 

A pleasant trip to the entrance of Long Island Sound 
brings one to Flushing — a remarkably rural and pictur- 
esque town, with extensive botanic gardens, nurseries, and 
numerous elegant residences. It is a chosen suburban 
retreat of the New Yorkers. The Flushing boat leaves 
twice a day from the dock adjoining the Fulton ferry. 

Bay Side, situated about four miles from Flushing, is 
a delightful place for a day' s excursion ; the scenery is 
beautiful, and the bay is famous for its clams — a roast of 
chowder served up in primitive style being one of the 



166 THE SUBUKBS. 

features of the place. Tliis place can be reached by private 
conveyance only, but which can be obtained at Flushing 
at moderate charges. 

GOVERNOR'S ISLAND 

Is a military station of some importance, and may be 
reached by ferry from foot of Whitehall street, every hour 
from 8 A. M. to 6 P. M. The last boat leaves the Island 
after evening parade. 

FORT HAMILTON, 

An attractive place on the southwestern shore of Long 
Island, about five miles from the city. 

CONEY ISLAND, 

A short distance beyond Fort Hamilton, forms a part of 
Gravesend Township. It can be reached by boat from 
Pier No. 1, North River, or by cars from Brooklyn. 

Time was when this sea-girt, barren sand-heajD, was the 
only fashionable seabathing resort for New Yorkers, and 
when its beach was thronged with the beauty and the re- 
finement of Manhattan Island and Brooklyn. But its near- 
ness to the city, and the increasing facilities of reaching it, 
caused it to be speedily monopolized, with but few ex- 
ceptions, by the rougher classes, and it was long ago aban- 
doned by the "upper ten" for fresher waves and beaches 
new. 

LONG BRANCH. 

Long Branch, N. J., is thirty miles from New York, 
on the eastern shore, and has now become one of the 
most fashionable places of summer resort in the United 
States. During the summer season steamboats leave New 
York, from pier 28, N. R., for Sandy Hook, connecting 
there with New Jersey Southern Railway for Long Branch. 



THE SUBURBS. 167 



For those wlio enjoy sea-batliing, Long Branch oilers par- 
ticular inducements. 

ROCKAWAY BEACH. 

Visitors to Rockaway Beach proceed from New York 
to Brooklyn, tlience by Soutli Side Railway 'cia Jamaica. 
The beach affords excellent bathing, and has become quite 
a fashionable watering-place. 

JAMAICA, 

Wliich is easy of access by the L. I. Railroad, South 
Ferry, is an interesting old rural town, and is the highway 
of communication to Hempstead, Greenpoint, Rockaway 
and Montauk. 

THROG'S POINT 

Is another pleasing excursion, sixteen miles from the city. 
It is tlic; termination, at Long Island Sound, of Throg's or 
rather Throgmorton' s ISTeck. From this headland, which 
divides the East River from the Sound, a very splendid 
view is obtained. Fort Schuyler on the point, and Pel- 
ham Bridge, may be embraced in this excursion. 

ASTORIA. 

An eighth excursion may take for its terminus the 
thriving village of Astoria, six miles to the north-east of 
New York. The academy, botanic gardens, etc., are 
worthy of notice ; but its most interesting feature is the 
singular whirlpool in its neighborhood, denominated 
^' Ilelle Gat,'''' by the Dutch. The Government are now 
engaged at AVillett's Point in one of tlu; most gigantic 
engineering difhculties of modern times, viz : the entire 
removal of the rocks which form the whirlpool, and that 
have heretofore greatly impeded the navigation of the 



168 THE SUBURBS. 

Sound for large vessels. This great work will be com- 
pleted, it is said, by the 4th of July, 1876, when the im- 
mense charges of giant powder deposited in the tunnels 
and galleries under the river will be exploded, and thus at 
once relieve the river of a dangerous obstruction and sound 
a fitting salute to our centennial holiday. 

MONTAUK, 

On the extremity of Long Island, and almost surrounded 
by water, affords a magnificent view of the broad Atlantic, 
which here skirts the horizon in almost every direction. 
One of the most interesting features of the neighborhood 
is a remnant of the pure Indian still living on the eastern 
extremity of the coast. They mostly subsist by fishing, 
their dress and manners are rude and picturesque and they 
still retain, in a small measure, the dialect of their red 
forefathers. 

CROTON DAM. 

A visit to the great Croton Aqueduct is one of the 
most interesting expeditions, as well as the easiest, that 
could be devised. The village of Croton is about 35 miles 
from the city, which is reached best by the Hudson River 
Railroad. The famous dam pertaining to the works is 
well worthy of a visit. The lake, measuring five miles, 
covers an area of 400 acres ; it is formed by a dam 250 
feet long, and 38 feet wide at the base, allowing a dis- 
charge of 60 million gallons of water daily. 

CREEDMOOR, 

Twelve miles from Hunter' s Point, on the line of the Central 
Railroad. These are the grounds of the National Rifle 
Association, and are well worthy a visit. Although this 
Association is as yet in its infancy, having been established 



FORTS AND FORTIFICATIONS. 169 

but two seasons, it has already produced marksmen that 
have been able to su(;cessfully compete with the chosen 
shots of England. During the season the grounds are 
open every day from sunrise to sunset ; only members, how- 
ever, are permitted to practice at the ranges, others are 
admitted on payment of a small fee ; ladles free. 



FORTS AND FORTIFICATIONS. 



The national defences of New York comprise the fol- 
lowing : The strong fortifications of the Narrows. On 
the one side Fort Tompkins and Fort Richmond at the 
lower verge of the Staten Island shore. These fortifications 
are quite new, are constructed of gray stone, mounted 
with guns of large calibre, and are among the most im- 
posing objects that first greet the vision of passenger from 
the water waste. The water-battery is the most fort-like 
in appearance, but, in the event of a fleet of iron-clads 
undertaking to force an entrance, would probably prove 
more vulnerable than the batteries on the heights, from 
which a continuous volley of plunging shot could be 
directed with as much effect as from Gibralter or any 
stronghold in the world. 

Opposite, on the Long Island shore, is the formidable 
Fort Hamilton, which numbers in its armament several of 
the celebrated Rodman guns, whose iron spherical shot of 
one thousand pounds would prove disagreeable to the sides 
of almost any iron ship-of-war that floats ; and also the 
old, round, red Fort Lafayette, isolated in the waves, and 
likely to prove more famous as a rebel prison than as an 
impregnable fortress in these days of improved warfare. 



170 FOETS AND FORTIFICATIONS. 

To protect tlie inner harbor, there are Fort Columbus 
and Castle William on Governor's Island, and the works 
on Bedloe's and Ellis Islands. 

Castle William, measuring 600 feet in circumference, 
and 60 feet high, is a circular stone battery connecting 
with Fort Columbus on the same Island. Here are bar- 
racks and a corps of U. S. troops. 

Governor's Island, formerly known as Nut Island, from 
its formerly being covered with nut trees, was, in colonial 
times, used by the English Governors as a pleasure ground. 
The several fortifications here ma}^ be easily seen by taking, 
a ])oat from Castle Garden, foot of the Batter}^ 

The East River or Sound defences consist of Fort 
Scliuyler on Throg's Neck, a large, three-tier gun fortifica- 
tion, built of gray granite. Opposite, on the Long Island 
shore, the government are erecting new works of both 
granite and earth. These, when comi^leted, it is expected 
will amply protect the city from any hostile fleet approach- 
ing from the direction of Long Island Sound. 




Directory to Advertisements. 



BATHS (Russian), Page. 
•' IMPERIAL" 7 \Ve>t 2-4th Slici-t 16 

BATHS (Turkish). 
GIBSON Broiidvvay and 13ih Street 40 

BILLIARD TABLE MANUFACTURER. 
COLLEKDER 788 Broad\vay Opposite inside back cover. 

BOOTS AND SHOES. 

ALEXANDER 357 Sixth Avenue 48 

BIXRY 8 Astdr Place 78 

COllN 281 Grand Street 110 

CONNER 311 Sis'h Avenue <)8 

10 



SLATER l^ noaduav) 

(1141 Broadway) 

TIIIER R Y 816 Broadway 78 

TILSON & CHAKDE 635 Sixth Avenue 52 

CAMEO PORTRAITS. 
BONET .599 Broadway 94 

CANDY AND FUGAR PLUMS. 

RIDLEY i"^i:'?':;:!'l:.!?n ,;.:;•;«.-;/• ^ loo 



CARRIAGE MANUFACTORY. 

HAM 10 to 20 East 4lh Street , 90 

CHAIR SEATS, 
" ELTtEKA " 110 Bowery 36 

CHINA AND GLASSWARE. 

BRINDIGE -^,..j ,^j^.,jj Av.nuc. )' ^^ 

SHAW 25 Duane Street 58 

: COMMISSICNATRE COMPANY. 
"THE NEW YORK" Fonith Ave. and 14tli Street 72 

CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. 
"THE GRAND" Filth Avenue 116 

CORSETS. 

DE WAIBEL 27 Ea^t 18th Street 114 

CIGARS.:: 

LEVY 8-18 Broadway 110 



172 INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 

DENTISTRY. Page. 

ALLEN 314 Fifth Avenue 46 

COLTON 19 Cooper Institute 92 

HEADER ...2ti2 Sixth Avenue 98 

DRESSMAKING. 

DONAVAN 8 East 18th Street 88 

GEDNEY 19 West 30th Street 114 

LORD & TAYLOR Broadway and 20th Street 50 

MOSCHCOWITZ & RUSSELL 21 University Place 114 

DRESS AND UPHOLSTERY TRIMMINGS. 

CROSLEY 900 Broadway 88 

DRY GOODS. 

BLOOM 338 & 340 Bowery 40 

DANIELL 759 Broadway 63 

LE BOUTILLIER 48 East Hth Street ; 103 

MACY 14ih Street and Sixth Avenne 28 

MEARES Sixlh Avenue and 19. h Street 104 

DUMB WAITERS, 
MURTAUGH 1370 Broadway 80 

DYERS. 

BARRETTS, PALMER & HEAL 484 Broadway 86 

"THE NEW YOKE" 98 Duine Street 84 

"THE STATEN ISLAND" 5 & 7 John Street 84 

EMBRDIDERIE? AND WORSTEDS. 

KORFP 230 Fifth Avenue 12 

KUHN 941 Broadway 20 

FASHIONS. 
SMITH 914 Broadway 60 

FERROTYPES, NON-REVERSED. 
E8TABR00KE 31 Union Square 68 

FRENCH FANCY GOODS. 
DEVIN 1192 Broadway 18 

FURS. 

MAHLER 849 Broadway 12 

SHAYNE Br .adway and 10th Street 112 

GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS. 
FLING 178FirthAve 16 

GR0C2RIE5, WINES AND CIGARS.; 

-^^CKSON jKoCdW;.- Place f Inside back cover. 

HAIR DYE. 

EGYPTIAN HAIR COLORING 76 

HAND-MADE WORSTEDS. 



LOVE ^?|3Sixth 



Ave.. 
') 1197 Kroddway. 



14 



HATTER. 

^^NLAP iJi^s;:::^,^;;::} « 



INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 173 

HATS-Fur, Wool and Straw. Page. 
STICU & BROMDERG ;;<• Mcrcor Street 96 

HOUSE FURNISHING HARDWARE. 

NEWMAN & CAPRON 1 17^ Broadway 30 

JONES !W0 Broadway 90 

HOUSEKEEPING GOODS. 

EDGAR :388 Sixth Ave 5a 

HUMAN HAIR. 

STTAW ( 3(i4 Bowery .. . (. „ 

^'^^^^ ).Mr> Sixth Ave.. ) ^ 

INDUSTaiAL EXHIBITION. 

MORGENTllAU, BRUNO & CO -.^3 Park Row 38 

IVORY GOODS. 

GROTE IIJ East 14th Street 102 

KNITTING MACHINE. 

SCniFF & IIETZEL .-^.(Ki Grand Street 175 

LACES AND EMBROIDERIES. 
MILLER & GRANT SVIt Broadway 106 

LIFE INSURANCE. 
" KNICKERBOCKER ' 3:i!l Broadway 18 

MAGNETIC SALVE. 

STEINFELD :30(i Grand Street 175 

MEAT EXTRACT. 

DANNllEIM 100 Chambers Street luside front cover. 

MILLINER. 
BROWN 1201 Broadway 114 

MUSICAL BOXES. 

PAILLAI;D 680 Broadway 26 

OPTICIANS. 

PIKE 518 Broadway 64 

QUEEN 001 Broadway 58 

SEMMONS fiSr Broadway 74 

WALDSTEIN Mo Broadway 32 

PARLOR ORGANS. 

WATERS 481 Broadway , 54, 59 

PERFUMERY AND TOILET GOODS. 

ATWOOD SD; Broadway 106 

PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

BROWNELL & JEWELL 88!t Broadway 82 

JOHNSON 777 Broadway 70 

KURTZ -Wd Street, opp. Madison Square 82 

REFRIGERATORS. 

'•THE ZERO" 22! & 220 West 2;id Street 100 

SALLE D'ARMES. 

MONSTERT 019 Sixth Avenue 



174 INDEX TO ADVEKTISEMENTS. 

SHADES AND EOLLERS (PATENT). Tage. 
EATON 14 Park Place 76 

SHIRTS. 
SMITH <)i)3 Broadway 3:i 

SILVER PLATED WARE. 

LANDER 18 John Street 8 

SILVERSMITHS. 

GORH AM MANUFACTURING CO... 4 Bond Street 6 

SILVER WARE, 

RICE 527 Broadway Opposite title. 

SOAP. 
"ZIRCON" 1 Barclay Street 108 

STATIONERS AND PRINTERS. 

FRANCIS & LOUTREL 45 Maiden Lane 20 

McDonald, DILLONT & CO l Park Place 32 

STORAGE. 

BATTBRSON 51)5 & 597 Sixth Avenue 44 

TAILOI^. 
WILLMONT m:i Broadway 14 

TOILETTE PREPARATIONS. 

GOURNE 101 West 3ad Street 74 

TOYS AND FANCY GOODS. 

HINRICHS ~'it. .'51 & 3H Park Place 66 

TRUNKS. 

CHERRY 593 Sixth Avenue 96 

GILLMORE 26 Fourth Avenue 26 

TRUSSES AND SUPPORTERS, 

ELASTIC TRUSS CO t)83 Broadway 44 

POMEROY 74 i Broadway 108 

VIENNA LEATHER GOODS. 
CULBERT :>4 Maiden Lane 8 

WATCHES AND JEWELRY. 

BYNNBR 527 Broadway Opposite title. 

JOHNSTON 150 Bowery Opposite inside front cover. 

PHELPS. . 677 Sixth Avenue 94 

TIFFANY Union Square 24 

WATCH IMPORTER. 

BARTENS 3 John Street 92 

WEATHER STRIPS. 
BROWNE'S 812 Broadway 80 




KNl^"^ 



MACH\^ 



^'^Oyduwkl have the VERVBES^ 



Can be recommended for family as well 
as manufacturing purposes on account of 
its simplicity, durability and cheapness. 
With the aid of the instruction book, the 
operation of this Knitter can be learned 
by a child of 6 years. 

This machine knits a sock, with heel and 
toe complete, in five minutes; and persons 
who are incapacitated for hard work can 
earn froin two to four dollars per day, and 
ladies who have taste for fancy w^ork 
can get up from a Watch Guard to a 
Sleigh Robe, on this Knitter, in a wonder- 
fully short time. 

SCHIFP at HETZEL, 

GENERAL AGENTS 

(Opposite Ridley's), 



306 Grand Street dip stairsl 



NEW YORK, 



MAONETIC SALVE AND DROPS, 



306 Grand Street (up stairs). 



PS 



CD p! +3 
§ d b^ 

mm 



<j z 

^ u 

M (0 




NEW 


YORK 


c+ 


C+ 


o' « 


CD 

B 


o 


CD 
CO 


CD y 




o^ 


CD 




a 
« 




B 


CD CD 




►-1 

CD 
P 
CR 


Pj 

CD 
W 


infeld's 
getable 


CD 


CD 
P" 


TO 




Cf<? 


« 


p. og 


D* 


erf- 


CD 


tJ 


1— ' 
O 


t3"d 


P o 


CD 


7) 


*-S c-^ 


o 




I-"- 


CD !:;■ 


p^ 


P 


P 


o 




CD 
< 


O 
•-1 


B 9 




o 


H-t 


O o 




P! 


P 


P ►cJ 




CO 


P- 
I-"- 


(M CO 




CO 


OP 
CD 
CD 





CO 

w 

pq 



Pi 

I— ( 
—I 



OQ 



C_) 

1— H 

Pi 
w 

Pi 
CO 



o 

H 
PI 

P 



Ci3 w 

5 != 

E-i ^ 

M W 

P o 




7 89 



■■^f','' 



^ 




o V--, ."V ♦ 







'<5*, 



^^<^*^ 

















■^ ' "'^^Z/lf^ ♦ho 




^oV^ 














s <Lr fi» • 





















^OV" 






> 















■'^- c° *^^/r???^. '^ A 










-^^^"^ 



.s>'t 









:^f0^\ "^o _ _^,s;^ 






^-p 






'r.€ 



,c,'^^:r. 









■o V 



<**_ 4"B' 



V-, 



■%c:i='' 



V, 



c. ^o 



V* 



.r 



HECKMAN W 
BINDERY INC. 1^1 
^^ NOV 89 

N. MANCHESTER. 
INDIANA 46962 






.^" 



^'^'^\»"» 



